ANALISIS FAKTOR- FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEPUASAN DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP LOYALITAS NASABAH PADA BANK BRI CABANG DEMAK

Abstract

Recent research done in Jakarta shows that the BRI customers are less loyal then its competitor’s customers. Since bank products are easy to duplicate, the way to make a distinction is by the service. Thus, customer satisfaction and loyalty should be improved by giving the best service to leave the impression to the heart of the customers. Besides improving the service quality, in order to obtain and to improve the customer loyalty, BRI Branch in Demak also makes an effort on customer intimacy. Based on those facts, this research aim is to answer the question of “How to improve customer’s loyalty of BRI Branch in Demak through bank service quality, customer satisfaction and customer intimacy?” To answer the question, data was collected by distributing questionnaire to 135 customer of the Branch of BRI Bank in Demak. Then, the data was being analyzed by Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) Analysis technique. The full model goodness of fit test using the SEM analysis technique shows that Chi Square = 327.469, probability = 0.055, RMSEA= 0.068, GFI = 0.941, AGFI=0.898, CMIN/DF=1.110, TLI=0.966, CFI=0.956. The Hypothesis test shows that effectiveness and assurance have a significance impact on customer satisfaction, access have a significant effect on customer satisfaction, price affect customer satisfaction significantly, fulfillment have a significant impact on customer satisfaction, tangible service portfolio have a significant effect on customer satisfaction, dependability have a significant impact on customer loyalty, customer intimacy have a significant effect on customer loyalty and customer satisfaction have a significant effect on loyalty. Managerial implications that can be suggested from this empirical study are: that the customer loyalty can be improved by developing information system possibly to coordinate between department, establishing a service standard or guidance, commit to it and consistently implement it, adding the CCTV surveillance system, having routine maintenance, adding up the teller, using the electronic queue system in the customer service section, lowering the loan interest rate, increasing the saving interest rate, giving the table name in every transaction section, always checking that the transaction device equipment is complete, socializing the phone line and the sms banking service, doing periodic monitoring to the tellers, sales persons, credit analyst, customer service officer and specifying the service standard. Berdasarkan riset yang dilakukan di Jakarta menunjukkan bahwa nasabah BRI justru kurang loyal dibandingkan bank-bank pesaing. Ketika produk bank-bank mudah ditiru, maka aspek pembeda bank-bank terletak pada aspek pelayanan. Maka kepuasan dan loyalitas nasabah akan ditingkatkan melalui pelayanan yang berkesan. Selain dengan meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan, untuk menjaga dan meningkatkan loyalitas para nasabahnya, Bank BRI Cabang Demak juga berupaya menjalin keakraban dengan nasabahnya (Customer Intimacy). Atas dasar hal tersebut, penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui “Bagaimana meningkatkan loyalitas nasabah Bank BRI Demak melalui kualitas pelayanan perbankan, kepuasan nasabah, dan keakraban ?” Untuk menjawab permasalahan penelitian tersebut, data diperoleh melalui kuesioner yang disebarkan kepada 135 nasabah Bank BRI Demak. Selanjutnya data yang diperoleh, dianalisis dengan menggunakan teknik analisis Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Hasil kelayakan full model yang diperoleh dengan teknik analisis SEM adalah Chi Square = 327.469, probabilitas = 0.055, RMSEA = 0.068, GFI = 0.941, AGFI = 0.898, CMIN/DF = 1.110, TLI = 0.966, CFI = 0.956. Hasil pengujian hipotesis menunjukkan bahwa keefektifan dan jaminan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepuasan nasabah, akses signifikan berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan nasabah, harga berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepuasan nasabah, keterwujudan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepuasan nasabah, portofolio jasa berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepuasan nasabah, kehandalan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepuasan nasabah, keakraban berpengaruh signifikan terhadap loyalitas, dan kepuasan nasabah berpengaruh signifikan terhadap loyalitas. Dengan berdasar pada hasil penelitian ini, terdapat beberapa implikasi manajerial yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan rujukan, yaitu mengembangkan sistem informasi yang memungkinkan koordinasi antar bagian, membuat standar / aturan pelayanan yang jelas yang dijalankan dengan penuh konsisten dan komitmen, menambahkan sistem pengamanan CCTV, melakukan pemeliharaan / perawatan secara berkala, menambah jumlah teller, menggunakan system antrian elektronik di bagian customer service, menurunkan suku bunga pinjaman, meningkatkan suku bunga simpanan, memberikan table name pada setiap bagian transaksi, selalu mengecek kelengkapan peralatan transaksi, melakukan sosialisasi mengenai layanan phone dan sms banking, melakukan monitoring secara berkala kepada teller, sales, mantri, dan analis kredit, dan customer service, dan menetapkan standar pelayanan.