POTENSI MIKROBIA SELULOLITIK CAMPURAN DARI EKSTRAK RAYAP, LARUTAN FESES GAJAH DAN CAIRAN RUMEN KERBAU [Potentiality of Mixed Cellulolytic Microbes of Termite Extract, Elephant Feces Solution and Buffalo Rumen Fluid]

Abstract

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini terdiri dari dua penelitian. Penelitian pertama bertujuan untuk memperoleh mikrobia selulolitik dari ekstrak rayap (RE), larutan feses gajah (GLF), cairan rumen kerbau (KCR) dan sapi (SCR). Dua belas tabung hungate yang masing-masing berisi 13,5 ml media terbatas [(NH4)2SO4, CaCO3, K2HPO4, MgSO4.7H2O, NaCl, kertas saring, aquades] secara acak dibagi menjadi empat perlakuan berdasarkan sumber mikrobia (SM), yaitu: perlakuan RT (SM: RE), GT (SM: GLF), KT (SM: KCR), dan ST (SM: SCR). Rerata perubahan aktivitas spesifik carboxymethylcellulase (CMC-ase) perlakuan KT (0,0753 + 0,0170 U/mg) lebih tinggi dan berbeda nyata (P<0,05) dibandingkan dengan perlakuan RT (-0,0677 + 0,0099 U/mg), GT (0,0229 + 0,0034 U/ mg), dan ST (0,0145 + 0,0074 U/mg). Penelitian kedua bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi mikrobia selulolitik hasil penelitian pertama dan beberapa kombinasinya dalam mendegradasi selulosa. Dua puluh empat tabung hungate yang masing-masing berisi 10 ml media pertumbuhan [(NH4)2SO4, MgSO4.7H2O, NaCl, CaCl2.2H2O, K2HPO4, KH2PO4, selulosa, resazurin, yeast, sistein-HCl, dan aquades] secara acak dibagi menjadi delapan perlakuan berdasarkan sumber mikrobia (SM), yaitu: perlakuan RP (SM: RT), GP (SM: GT), KP (SM: KT), SP (SM: ST), RGP (SM: RT+GT), RKP (SM: RT+KT), RSP (SM: RT+ST), RGKP (SM: RT+GT+KT). Rerata perubahan aktivitas spesifik CMC-ase perlakuan RGKP (0,2344 + 0,0014 U/mg) lebih tinggi dan berbeda sangat nyata (P<0,01) dibandingkan dengan perlakuan RP (0,0781 + 0,0015 U/mg), GP (0,0060 + 0,0006 U/mg), KP (0,0117 + 0,0005 U/mg), SP (0,0285 + 0,0009 U/mg), RGP (0,0569 + 0,0014 U/mg), RKP (0,0965 + 0,0023 U/mg), dan RSP (0,0868 + 0,0032 U/mg). Potensi mikrobia selulolitik campuran dari ekstrak rayap, larutan feses gajah, dan cairan rumen kerbau (perlakuan RGKP) dalam mendegradasi selulosa adalah yang tertinggi. Kata Kunci: Mikrobia Selulolitik, Ekstrak Rayap, Larutan Feses Gajah, Cairan Rumen Kerbau ABSTRACT This research consisted of two experiments. The first experiment was conducted to get cellulolytic microbes of termite extract (RE), elephant feces solution (GLF), buffalo (KCR) and cattle (SCR) rumen fluid. Twelve hungate tubes each contained of 13,5 ml limited media [(NH4)2SO4, CaCO3, K2HPO4, MgSO4.7H2O, NaCl, paper filter, aquadest] was divided to four treatments based on microbe resources (MR), namely: RT (MR: RE), GT (MR: GLF), KT (MR: KCR), and ST (MR: SCR). The average of specific activity change of CMCace KT (0.0753 + 0.0170 U/mg) treatment was higher and significantly different (P<0.05) than those of RT (- 0.0677 + 0.0099), GT (0.0229 + 0.0034 U/mg), and ST (0.0145 + 0.0074 U/mg) treatment. The second experiment was aimed to know potentiality of cellulolytic microbes from the first experiment and their several combinations in degrading cellulose. Twenty four hungate tubes each contained of 10 ml growth media [(NH4)2SO4, MgSO4.7H2O, NaCl, CaCl2.2H2O, K2HPO4, KH2PO4, cellulose, resazurine, yeast, cycteine- HCl, and aquadest] was divided to eight treatments based on microbe resources (MR), namely: RP (MR: RT),GP (MR: GT), KP (MR: KT), SP (MR: ST), RGP (MR: RT+GT), RKP (MR: RT+KT), RSP (MR: RT+ST), RGKP (MR: RT+GT+KT).). The average of specific activity change of CMC-ase RGKP (0.2344 + 0.0014 U/mg) treatment was higher and significantly different (P<0.01) than those of RP (0.0781 + 0.0015 U/mg), GP (0.0060 + 0.0006 U/mg), KP (0.0117 + 0.0005 U/mg), SP (0.0285 + 0.0009 U/mg), RGP (0.0569 + 0.0014 U/ mg), RKP (0.0965 + 0.0023 U/mg), and RSP (0.0868 + 0.0032 U/mg). Potentiality of mixed cellulolytic microbes containing termite extract, elephant feces solution, and buffalo rumen fluid (RGKP treatment) in degrading cellulose was the highest. Keywords: Cellulolytic Microbes, Termite Extract, Elephant Feces Solution, Buffalo Rumen Fluid