IMRON, ALI (2008) KONTRIBUSI HUKUM ISLAM TERHADAP PEMBANGUNAN HUKUM NASIONAL (Studi Tentang Konsepsi Taklif dan Mas`uliyyat dalam Legislasi Hukum). Masters thesis, program Pascasarjana Universitas Diponegoro.
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Abstract
Pertanggungjawaban hukum melekat pada pribadi subjek hukum. Pertanggungjawaban hukum ini dipahami sebagai keadaan wajib menanggung segala sesuatu akibat dari tindakannya; kalau terjadi apa-apa boleh dituntut, dipersalahkan, diperkarakan, dan sebagainya; atau sebagai fungsi menerima pembebanan, sebagai akibat sikap pihak sendiri atau pihak lain. Pertanggungjawaban dalam hukum Islam dikenal dengan istilah taklif dan mas`uliyyat. Pertanggungjawaban dalam hukum Islam untuk berbuat dan memikul kewajiban menggunakan beberapa kriteria yaitu `aqil, baligh, mumayyiz, fahmul mukallaf dan ikhtiyar. Sedangkan untuk menerima hak seseorang hanya disyaratkan masih mempunyai nyawa, berlaku sejak berwujud janin di dalam rahim dengan mempertimbangkan kemanfaatan, kemaslahatan, dan keadilan. Penilaian terhadap kriteria tersebut menggunakan ciri-ciri fisik dan biologis seseorang. Permasalahan yang diangkat dalam disertasi ini adalah (1) Bagaimana hakekat pertanggungjawaban hukum dalam payung Pancasila sebagai cita-cita pembangunan hukum nasional Indonesia perspektif Islam dan keterkaitannya dengan perkembangan dinamika masyarakat; (2) Bagaimana batasan konsepsi taklif dan mas`uliyyat dalam hukum Islam relevansinya dengan pertanggungjawaban hukum dalam cita-cita pembangunan hukum nasional dan peraturan perundangan di Indonesia; dan (3) Bagaimana problematika implementasi konsepsi taklif dan mas`uliyyat dalam legislasi hukum nasional. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum sosiologis (socio legal). Teori yang digunakan merupakan teori-teori ranah social legal. Hakekat pertanggungjawaban hukum dalam payung Pancasila adalah tatanan pertanggungjawaban hukum yang berorientasi pada nilai-nilai 1) moral religius (ketuhanan); 2) humanistik (kemanusiaan); 3) nasionalistik (kebangsaan); 4) demokrasi (kerakyatan); dan 5) sosial yang berkeadilan. Dalam hal subtansi atau nilai filosofis rumusan norma pertanggungjawaban hukum terdapat kesamaan antara hukum Islam dengan nilai-nilai yang dicita-citakan pembangunan hukum nasional, yaitu terwujudnya nilai keadilan, kemanfaatan dan kemaslahatan hukum bagi manusia. Akan tetapi dalam hal rumusan batasan usia atau dewasa bagi seseorang untuk dapat memikul pertanggungjawaban hukum, terdapat beberapa perbedaan prinsip antara rumusan `aqil baligh dalam hukum Islam dengan peraturan perundangan di Indonesia. Batasan usia dalam peraturan perundangan Indonesia perlu disesuaikan dengan kondisi sosial masyarakat dewasa ini. Ketercukupan asupan gizi, perkembangan teknologi rekayasa pangan, dan perkembangan teknologi informatika berpengaruh kuat terhadap kecenderungan lebih cepat dewasa bagi seseorang. Implementasi konsepsi taklif dan mas`uliyyat dalam legislasi hukum nasional dengan cara mengintegrasikan asas-asas hukum dan mengintegrasikan istinbath ahkam ke dalam hukum nasional. Problematika implementasinya diklasifikasikan menjadi dua, yaitu problematika internal umat Islam dan problematika eksternal. Diharapkan kajian atau hasil penelitian/disertasi ini dapat mengisi atau memberikan sumbangan konsep atau wawasan baru bagi tersusunnya ilmu hukum Indonesia atau pembangunan hukum nasional Indonesia. The Responsibility in law is embedded on each person. This responsibility is understood as an obligation to take the responsibility of the consequences of what she/he does, whenever s/he commit wrong action, s/he is willing to be accused, blamed, sent to the trial, etc; or it is understood as having function as burden taker resulting from his own action or from other’s. The responsibility in Islamic law is called taklif and mas`uliyyat. The responsibility of doing action and taking the obligation in Islamic law use several criteria: that are aqil, baligh, mumayyiz, fahmul mukallaf and ikhtiyar. Meanwhile, there is only one criterion for a person to receive his or her right that is s/he is still alive. This criterion applies since the person was still in his or her mother’s womb, by considering the usefulness, the good effects, and justice. Physical appearances and biological conditions are used in judging those criteria, to see whether a person has such criteria. The problems that will be discussed in this dissertation are (1) what is the essence of law responsibility under Pancasila which confirms as the goal of the development of national law within Islamic perspective, and how is it related with the development of the society; (2) what is the limitation of taklif and mas`uliyyat concept in Islamic law and how is it relevant with law responsibility under the rule of law in Indonesia; (3) what is the problem in legally implementing taklif and mas`uliyyat concept in national law. This research uses socio legal research method. The theories that underlie are theories within social legal domain. The essence of law responsibility under Pancasila is the establishment of law responsibility that is oriented on 1) religious values 2) humanistic values 3) nationalistic values 4) democratic values and 5) social justice value. There is a similarity between Islamic law and law that is idealized by national law development in their essence or philosophical value that underlies the norm of law responsibility, that is both want to create the establishment of justice, usefulness, and the good effect for the society. However, Islamic law is different from the law that is idealized by national law development in there definition of age limit or maturity criteria for a person to be able to take law responsibility. Islamic law is basically different in defining aqil baligh. Maturity criteria/age limit in the rule of Indonesian law needs to be synchronize with social condition of the present society. Good nutrient intake, the development of food technology, and the development of information technology have strong impact in affecting people to be mature quicker. The implementation of taklif and mas`uliyyat concept in Islamic law is done by integrating fundamental law and istinbath ahkam (method of researching law) into the national law. The writer is able to classify two significant problems in the implementation of Islamic law in Indonesia: that are problems from inside muslim society and problems from their outside. It is hoped that this study or the result of this research is able to give contribution of concept or new view for the establishment of Indonesian law studies or for the development of Indonesian national law.
Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
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Subjects: | K Law > K Law (General) |
Divisions: | School of Postgraduate (mixed) > Doctor Program in Law |
ID Code: | 16381 |
Deposited By: | Mr UPT Perpus 2 |
Deposited On: | 09 Jul 2010 12:55 |
Last Modified: | 09 Jul 2010 12:55 |
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