HUBUNGAN ASUPAN KALSIUM, AKTIVITAS FISIK, PARITAS, INDEKS MASSA TUBUH DAN KEPADATAN TULANG PADA WANITA PASCAMENOPAUSE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN CALCIUM INTAKE, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, PARITY, BODY MASS INDEX AND BONE DENSITY ON POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN

Abstract

Latar Belakang : Osteoporosis pada wanita pascamenopause merupakan risiko dari menurunnya kepadatan tulang yang dapat disebabkan oleh kurangnya asupan kalsium, aktivitas fisik, indeks massa tubuh dan besarnya paritas, selain karena disebabkan oleh berkurangnya hormon estrogen yang menyebabkan meningkatnya resorpsi tulang. Tujuan : Menjelaskan hubungan antara asupan kalsium, aktivitas fisik, paritas, indeks massa tubuh dengan kepadatan tulang pada wanita pascamenopause. Metode : Metode penelitian ini adalah survey dengan pendekatan crosssectional. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik nonprobabilitas sampel kuota sebanyak 97 orang. Data yang diteliti meliputi asupan kalsium aktivitas fisik, paritas, indeks massa tubuh dan kepadatan tulang. Analisis korelasi bivariat ditentukan dengan dengan menggunakan uji Product Moment dari Pearson. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh variabel-variabel tersebut terhadap kepadatan tulang dianalisis dengan regresi linier ganda. Hasil : Sebanyak 50,52 % wanita pascamenopause masih beraktivitas fisik ringan dengan rata-rata 717 (±122,4) kkal/hari. Sebanyak 63,9 % wanita pascamenopause yang indeks massa tubuhnya normal dengan rata-rata 22,3 (± 3,42). Rata-rata asupan kalsium 783 (± 185,7) mg/hari, rata-rata paritas 3 (± 2) kali, dan rata-rata kepadatan tulang yang kecil yaitu 0,7 (± 0,15) g/cm2. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kepadatan tulang 84,7 % disebabkan oleh asupan kalsium, aktivitas fisik dan paritas, sedangkan 15,3 % dapat dijelaskan oleh sebab lain, dengan model regresi : Kepadatan Tulang = 0,156 + 4,7.10-4 (asupan kalsium) + 3,1.10-4 (aktivitas fisik) - 1,5.10-2 (paritas). Kesimpulan : Terdapat hubungan positif antara asupan kalsium, aktivitas fisik, dan hubungan negatif antara paritas dan kepadatan tulang pada wanita pascamenopause. Background : Osteoporotic on postmenopause women are risk from bone density decrease because no adequate calcium intake, the low of physycal activity, too large parity, and the lom of Body Mass Index. The other risk factor of osteoporotic on postmenopause women is estrogen decrease. Objective : To explore the association of calcium intake, physycal activity, parity, BMI and bone density on postemenopausal women. Method : This cross sectional study was conducted in a survey method. Sample were taken by nonprobability quota. The total number of postmenopausal women involved in this research ware 97. Data on calcium intake were collected by interview using food frequency questionnaire, physical activity data were collected by asking daily activies questionnaire, parity data were collected by questionnaire. Data on bone density were collected by Quantitative Ultrasounds Bone Densitometry. Association between various variable : calcium intake, physycal activity, parity, BMI and bone density, ware analyzed using Pearson Bivariate Correlation Analysis. The impact of the those variables on bone density was further analyzed by Linear Regression Method. Result : 50,5 % of postmenopausal women has adequate physical activity with the average 717 (±122,4) Cal/day. 63,9 % of postmenopausal women has normal Body Mass Index with a mean 22,3 (± 3,41). The mean calcium intake was 783 (± 185,7) mg/day. The mean parity was 4 (± 2), and the mean bone density was 0,7 (± 0.15) g/cm2. The study shownd that 84,7 % bone density variation can be axplained by calcium intake, physycal activity, and parity. The final regression model was bone density = 0.156 + 4.7.10-4 (calcium intake) + 3,1.10-4 (physical activity) - 1,5.10-2 (parity). Conclusion : There was positif association between calcium intake, physycal activity, and negative questionnaire between parity and bone density on postmenopausal women.