PENGARUH PEMBERIAN ABON IKAN TERHADAP PERUBAHAN STATUS GIZI ANAK GIZI KURANG UMUR 24-59 BULAN (Studi di Kabupaten Pangkep Sulawesi Selatan) THE EFFECT OF ‘ABON IKAN’ SUPLEMENTATION ON THE CHANGES OF THE NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF UNDERWEIGHT CHILDREN AGED 24-59 MONTHS (A study In Pangkep District, South Sulawesi)

Abstract

Latar belakang : Sebanyak 24,7% anak balita mengalami gizi kurang dan 6,3% mengalami gizi buruk diseluruh kabupaten dan kota di Indonesia. Kurangnya konsumsi makanan yang mengandung protein merupakan salah satu faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya kekurangan gizi pada anak. Ikan merupakan sumber protein yang baik dan relatif murah sehingga dapat dijadikan sebagai alternatif penanggulangan gizi kurang. Salah satu bentuk olahan ikan adalah abon ikan. Tujuan : Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh pemberian abon ikan terhadap perubahan status gizi anak gizi kurang umur 24-59 bulan Metode : Penelitian Quasi Eksperiment dilaksanakan pada 29 anak gizi kurang umur 24-59 bulan yang dibagi dalam dua kelompok. Kelompok I (n=16 anak) mendapat abon ikan 15 g (5 g protein) per hari dan kelompok II (n=13 anak) mendapat abon 30 g (10 g protein) per hari sebagai makanan suplemen. Kelompok pembanding terdiri dari 23 anak yang tidak menerima suplementasi abon ikan. Abon ikan diberikan setiap hari selama tiga minggu. Sebelum intervensi semua anak mendapat mebendazol 400 mg dengan dosis tunggal. Tingkat kecukupan energi (TKE) dan tingkat kecukupan protein (TKP) anak dibandingkan dengan angka kecukupan energi dan protein (AKG) Indonesia Tahun 2004. Pengaruh pemberian abon ikan terhadap perubahan status gizi anak gizi kurang umur 24-59 bulan dianalisis secara statistik dengan menggunakan uji Regresi Berganda. Hasil : Suplementasi direncanakan untuk diberikan selama tiga bulan. Namun karena anak anak sudah merasa bosan mengkonsumsi abon ikan setiap hari, pengaruh suplementasi diteliti setelah pemberian selama 3 minggu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa adanya peningkatan tingkat kecukupan energi (TKE) pada kedua kelompok. Pada kelompok I terjadi peningkatan sebesar 3 Kalori (p = 0,520) dan pada kelompok II sebesar 10 Kalori (p = 0,01). Tingkat kecukupan protein (TKP) meningkat secara bermakna pada kedua kelompok, yaitu 27 g (p = 0,001) pada Kelompok I dan 35 g (p = 0,000) pada kelompok II. Tidak ada pengaruh pemberian abon ikan terhadap perubahan status gizi anak gizi kurang umur 24-59 bulan (p>0,05). Simpulan : Pemberian suplementasi abon ikan selama tiga minggu belum meningkatkan status gizi anak gizi kurang umur 24-59 bulan Background: 24,7% of underfive children in Indonesia were underweight and 6,3% were severly underweight. Protein deficiency is one of the factors of nutritional deficiency. Fish is a good dietary protein source, which is relatively cheap in South Sulawesi. Thus, fish can be used as one of the alternatives to increase the nutritional status of underweight children. “Abon ikan’ is one of the processed food from fish. Objectives: This study is aimed to reveal the effect of ‘abon ikan’ supplementation on the changes of the nutritional status of underweight children aged 24-59 months. Methods : This quasy experimental study included 29 underweight children aged 24-59 months, who were divided into two groups. Group I (n=16 children) consumed 5 g protein (15 g ‘abon ikan’)/day and group II (n=13 children) consumed 10 g protein (30 g ‘abon ikan’)/day as food supplements. The control group was 23 children, who did not received ‘abon ikan’ supplements. ‘Abon ikan’ supplementation was given everyday for three weeks. Before the supplementation was started, all of the subjects received Mebendazole 400 mg as a single dose. Total energy and protein intake per day were compared to Indonesian Recommended Dietary allowance (RDA). The effect of the supplementation on the changes of the nutritional status were analysed using multiple regression method. Results: The study was planned to give supplementation for three months. However, the children got bored to consume ‘abon ikan’ everyday. Thus, the effect of ‘abon ikan’ was analyse after 3 weeks of supplementation. It is shown that the level of energy intake increased in both groups. In group I the mean increase was 3 calories (p=0,520) and in group II was 10 kalori (p=0,01). The total protein intake significantly increased in both groups. In group I the total protein intake increased 27 g (p=0,001) and in group II 35 g (p=(p=0,000). There were no effect of ‘abon ikan’ supplementation on the change of the nutritional status of underweight children aged 24-59 month (p>0,05). Conclusion : There was no effect of three weeks ‘abon ikan’ supplementation on the nutritional status of underweight children aged 24- 59 month.