KAJIAN PENERAPAN GMP DAN SSOP PADA PRODUK IKAN ASIN KERING DALAM UPAYA PENINGKATAN KEAMANAN PANGAN DI KABUPATEN KENDAL

Abstract

The business of dried salted fish in Kendal Regency is concentrated on Tambaksari, Gempolsewu and Sendang Sikucing Village. It is a kind of traditional industry so that it is necessary to manage and to process in order to meet the requirements of sanitation and hygiene by applying the quality assurance system and the product safety including how far application of HACCP system and the quality standardization of fishery products. Therefore, it is necessary the research to conduct on product quality improvement in assuring product safety by conducting correct processing according to GMP, conducting sanitation and hygiene according to the procedures of SSOP and studying quality improvement on dried salted fish product to meet the SNI standard. The aims of this research were; 1) to analyze and to identify dried salted fish product produced by the processors to be able to improve food safety and quality assurance for consumers according to SNI, 2) to know the application level of Prerequisite Program (GMP, SSOP) on dried salted fish processors in Kendal Regency, 3) to analyze the social economic relation between of dried salted fish processors and the application of Pre Requisite Program. The research methods were descriptive, case study, and experiment. The sampling process was done by survey, observation, and interview. The samples were obtained by Stratified Random Sampling to 15 respondents. The data of dried salted fish product obtained were analyzed for organoleptics, TPC, Coliform, E. coli and Moisture Content. The source water sample was analyzed forTPC, Coliform and E. coli. The statistics test was conducted by Anova Test with SPSS version 11. The result showed that the laboratory test on dried salted Goldstripe sardinella fish at big fish processors (E-G), has organoleptics test of 7.03; TPC test was ranging from 3.4 x 103 to 9.7 x 103 col/g, coliform test was ranging from 23 to 460 MPN/g, the moisture content was ranging from 41.32 to 46.36%. In the small processors (H-S), has organoleptics test of 6.99, TPC test was ranging from 3.2 x 103 to 9.95 x 103 col/g, coliform test was ranging from 39 to 460 MPN/g, the moisture content was ranging from 41.32 to 47.36%. The E. coli bacteria on salted dried Goldstripe sardinella fish was not identified in all processors. In additional, the test on source water of the E-G processors for TPC test was ranging from 6.55 x 106 to 7.42 x 106 col/mL, and in the H-S processors for TPC test was ranging from 5.55 x 105 to 6.8 x 106 col/mL, coliform was from 930 to 1200 MPN/mL and the presence of E. coli was found in one processor. As the whole, the application level of Pre Requisite Program for the E-G processors was between 58 and 77%, and the H-S processors were between 27 and 68%. The result of Rank Spearman correlation, showed, there was a strong correlation between working experience and the application level of Pre Requisite Program (rs=0.5393), whereas between the education and age level did not present a strong correlation (rs=1.5893 and 0.8768). Jenis usaha pengolahan ikan asin kering yang berada di Kabupaten Kendal dengan sentra produksi di Desa Tambaksari, Gempolsewu dan Sendang Sikucing merupakan usaha yang masih tradisional, sehingga perlu penanganan, pengolahan yang memenuhi persyaratan sanitasi dan hygiene dengan menerapkan system jaminan mutu dan keamanan produk dari kontaminasi yang termasuk didalamnya penerapan system HACCP dan standarisasi mutu hasil perikanan. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan penelitian untuk meningkatkan mutu produk dalam menjamin keamanan produk dengan melaksanakan pengolahan yang benar sesuai GMP dan melaksanakan sanitasi dan hygiene sesuai prosedur SSOP dan mengkaji peningkatan mutu produk ikan asin kering untuk memenuhi standar SNI. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah 1) Menganalisis dan mengidentifikasi produk ikan asin kering yang dihasilkan oleh pengolah untuk dapat meningkatkan jaminan keamanan pangan dan mutu bagi konsumen yang disesuaikan dengan SNI. 2) Mengetahui tingkat penerapan kelayakan dasar (GMP, SSOP) pengolah ikan asin kering di Kabupaten Kendal. 3) Menganalisa hubungan sosial ekonomi antara pengolah ikan asin kering dengan penerapan kelayakan dasar. Metode penelitian bersifat diskriptif, studi kasus dan eksperimen. Proses pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan cara survey, observasi dan wawancara. Untuk mendapatkan sampel dilakukan dengan Stratified Random Sampling dengan jumlah responden 15. Data/sampel produk ikan asin dianalisis secara organoleptik, TPC, coliform, E. coli dan kadar air. Sampling air sumber dianalisis untuk TPC dan coliform , E. coli. Uji statistik dilakukan dengan uji Anova (Program SPSS versi 11). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan pengujian laboratorium ikan tembang asin kering di pengolah besar (E-G) untuk uji organoleptik = 7.03 ; uji TPC berkisar antara 3.4 x 103 – 9.7 x 103 kol/g, uji coliform antara 23 – 460 MPN/g, kadar air 41.32 – 46.36% dan di pengolah kecil (H-S) untuk uji organoleptik= 6.99 ; uji TPC antara 3.2 x 103 – 9.95 x 103 kol/g; uji coliform antara 39-460 MPN/g, kadar air 41.32-47.36%, dan di semua pengolah tidak teridentifikasi adanya bakteri E. coli pada ikan tembang asin kering. Sedangkan pengujian pada air sumber dari pengolah besar (E-G) untuk uji TPC 6.55 x 106 – 7.42 x 106 kol/mL dan di pengolah kecil (H-S) untuk uji TPC 5.55 x 105 – 6.8 x 106 kol/mL, coliform 930-1200 MPN/mL dan dijumpai adanya E. coli 1 pengolah. Secara keseluruhan tingkat penerapan kelayakan dasar pengolah E-G antara 58-77% dan pengolah H-S antara 27-68%. Hasil korelasi Rank Spearman menunjukkan adanya korelasi yang kuat antara pengalaman kerja dengan tingkat penerapan kelayakan dasar (rs = 0.5393), sedangkan antara tingkat pendidikan dan umur tidak terjadi korelasi kuat (rs = 1.5893 dan 0.8768).