EKOLOGI KEPITING BAKAU (Scylla serrata Forskal) DALAM EKOSISTEM MANGROVE DI PULAU ENGGANO PROVINSI BENGKULU

Abstract

Penelitian bertujuan menganalisis distribusi komunitas mangrove, menganalisis distribusi dan kelimpahan kepiting bakau dengan aspek faktor lingkungan perairan dan menetapkan strategi pengelolaan, telah dilakukan di tiga daerah pengamatan di Desa Kahyapu Kepulauan Enggano dari bulan Maret – Juni 2005. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa komposisi vegetasi hutan mangrove terdiri dari dua kelompok, di mana stasiun I dan II berada satu kelompok sedangkan stasiun III berbeda pada tingkat perbedaan 96.71 %. Ketiga daerah pengamatan didominasi oleh jenis mangrove yaitu Rhizophora. Total tangkapan kepiting bakau di tiga stasiun juga dipengaruhi oleh pengelompokan vegetasi mangrove yaitu stasiun III memberikan hasil tangkapan terendah. Setiap stasiun pengamatan juga mempengaruhi distribusi ukuran kepiting bakau di mana stasiun I dan II tidak sama dengan stasiun III (X2 = 10.29, p<0.05). Kepiting bakau dibagi tiga kelas berdasarkan berat yaitu kelas A (1.79 g, 13.41 ± 1.43), kelas B (0.66 g, 8.80 ± 1.77), kelas C (0.44 g, 3.38 ± 0.31). Hasil penangkapan kepiting bakau berdasarkan jenis kelamin pada ke tiga stasiun pengamatan tidak adanya perbedaan, artinya pada penangkapan yang ada setiap stasiun adalah sama. Sementara berdasarkan berat stasiun I dan II memiliki kesamaan tetapi stasiun III berbeda. Pengelolaan kelestarian kepiting meliputi pengawasan ekosistem mangrove dan meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat akan pentingnya menjaga kelestarian vegetasi mangrove, larangan untuk menangkap kepiting betina dan kepiting berukuran kecil, serta jangan melakukan aktifitas tangkapan kepiting dilaut. Research aimed to analyze mangrove community, to analize distribution and abundance of mud crab environment factors, as well as to decide management strategy, has been done in three observation regions, in Kahyapu Enggano Island, from March – June 2005. The research result showed that mangrove community could be recognised in two clusters, where two stations namely I and II were in one cluster separated with station III at similarity level 96.71 %. The most dominant mangrove was from genera Rhizophora. Total mud crab caught in the three stations tended to follow the mangrove cluster i.e. station III had the lowest numbers of the crab. The station also influnced distribution of crab size in which crab in station I and II had similar pattern of size distribution, different to that in station III (X2 = 10.29, p < 0.05). The crab had three classes of size i.e A class (1.79 g, 13.41 ± 1.43), B class (0.66 g, 8.80 ± 1.77), c class (0.44 g, 3.38 ± 0.31. The result of crabs caught based on sex on the three surveylence stations has no difference, meaning on the caught in each stations was the same. Meanwhile based on weight on station I and II had similarity but the third station was different. The management of crabs consists of mangrove ecosystem survey lence and to increase community knowledge about the importance of taking care mangrove vegetation, prohibition to catch female crabs and small size crabs, and also not to do crabs cathching in the sea.