EVALUASI KANDUNGAN DINDING SEL TANAMAN, TANIN DAN HCN PADA ENAM BELAS PROVENANCE GAMAL (Gliricidia sepium) YANG DITANAM PADA LAHAN KERING DI BALI [Cellwall, Tannin and HCN Contents of Sixteen Gliricidia Sepium Planted on Dryland Farming Area in Bali]

Abstract

ABSTRAK Penelitian agronomi telah dilaksanakan untuk mempelajari dan mengevaluasi dinding sel tanaman, tanin dan asam prusat (HCN) pada 16 provenance gamal (Gliricidia sepium) yang ditaman pada lahan kering di Bali dengan sistem budidaya lorong (alley cropping). Rancangan penelitian adalah rancangan acak kelompok yang terdiri dari 16 provenance gamal sebagai perlakuan dan 6 kelompok sebagai ulangan. Ke 16 provenance gamal tersebut 6 berasal dari Mexico (M33, M34, M35, M38, M39, dan M40); 4 berasal dari Guatemala (G13, G14, G15, dan G17); dan masing-masing satu berasal dari Columbia (C24), Nicaragua (N14), Panama (P13), Costa Rica (R12), Venezuela (V1), dan Bukit Pecatu Bali, Indonesia (I). Provenance gamal dipotong dua kali musim hujan (Januari dan Maret) dan dua kali pada musim kemarau (Juli dan Nopember) masing-masing setinggi 150 cm. Sampel segar diambil dari 4 tanaman pada setiap provenance pada setiap kelompok. Setelah daun dipisahkan dari cabangnya diambil 500 g dari 16 provenance secara representatif. Sampel dari kelompok I dan IV, kelompok II dan VI, kelompok III dan V digabung dan dicampur (komposit) secara merata selanjutnya masing-masing hasil campuran tersebut dijadikan sebagai ulangan I, II, dan III. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kandungan NDF, ADF, lignin, dan tanin terendah terdapat pada provenance gamal dari Indonesia (I), sedangkan selulosa, silika, dan asam prusatnya (HCN) adalah peringkat ketiga. Kandungan silika dan HCN terendah terdapat pada provenance gamal asal dari Columbia (C24), sedangkan selulosa terendah terdapat pada provenance gamal asal Venezuela (V1). Kandungan NDF, ADF, ligmin, tanin, dan HCN pada provenance gamal Venezuela adalah peringkat kedua dari provenance gamal asal Indonesia. Disimpulkan bahwa kandungan tanin, HCN, dan dinding sel tanaman (NDF, ADF, lignin, selulosa, silica) ke 16 provenance gamal secara nyata berbeda, kecuali kandungan hemiselulosa. Provenance gamal dari Indonesia adalah peringkat terbaik dan secara berturut-turut disusul oleh provenance gamal dari Venezuela (V1) dan Columbia (C24). Jadi provenance gamal Indonesia, Venezuela, dan Columbia dapat dijadikan sebagai sumber pakan ternak ruminansia. Kata kunci: dinding sel tanaman, tanin, HCN, provenance gamal, lahan kering ABSTRACT An agronomic experiment was carried out to study and evaluate cell wall content, tannin, and prussic acid (HCN) of sixteen gliricidia provenance which planted on dryland farming area in Bali with alley cropping system. The design was a completely randomized block arrangement consisted of sixteen gliricidia provenances as treatment, six blocks as replication and twelve plants of each. Of the 16 gliricidia provenances, 6 provenances were from Mexico (M33, M34, M35, M38, M39, M40), 4 provenances were from Guatemala (G13, G14, G15, G17), other provenance from Columbia (C24), Nicaragua (N14), Panama (P13), Costa Rica (R12), Venezuela (V1), and Indonesia (I). The gliricidia provenances were lopped at 150 cm height twice during the 4 months wet seasons (January and March) and twice during the 8 months dry seasons (July and November). The fresh sample was taken from four plants for each provenance from each block. After separating the leaves from the branch, 500 g representative sample was taken from each of the 16 provenances. The samples from block I and IV, block II and IV, block III and V were pooled, mix thoroughly and then partitioned into 3 portions in which each portions was used as 1st, 2nd, and 3rd replicate, respectively. The results of this experiment showed that the lowest content of NDF, ADF, lignin, and tannin were on the gliricidia provenance from Indonesia (I), while their level of cellulose, silica, and prussic acid (HCN) ranked 3rd. The lowest level of silica and HCN were on the gliricidia provenance from Columbia (C24), while the lowest cellulose level was on the gliricidia provenance from Venezuela (V1). The content of NDF, ADF, lignin, tannin, and HCN on V1 were the 2nd lowest in their ranks from I. It was concluded that tannin, HCN, and Cell wall content of 16 gliricidia provenances were significanly different, excepted for hemicellulose. The gliricidia provenance from Indonesia (I) was the best in order followed by the gliricidia provenance from Venezuela (V1) and Columbia (C24). So, the gliricidia provenance from Indonesia, Venezuela and Columbia can be used as source of ruminant livestock feed . Keywords: Cell wall content, tannin, HCN, Gliricidia provenance, dryland