PRODUKSI PANAS DAN RETENSI ENERGI PADA KERBAU PACUAN YANG MENDAPATKAN LAMA LATIHAN BERBEDA [Heat Production and Energy Retention of Racing Buffaloes Subjected to Different Length of Exercise]

Abstract

ABSTRAK Penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui produksi panas (kebutuhan energi) dan retensi energi kerbau pacuan (makepung) pada kerbau lumpur (Bubalus bubalis) yang dilatih dengan lama waktu latihan yang berbeda telah dilakukan di Desa Candikusuma, Kecamatan Melaya, Kabupaten Jembrana (Bali). Rancangan Split plot (3 x 4) dengan rancangan dasar rancangan acak kelompok digunakan dalam penelitian ini, dimana berat tubuh sebagai petak utama sedangkan lama waktu latihan sebagai anak petak. Petak utama terdiri dari tiga macam berat tubuh yaitu : kerbau dengan berat tubuh 309 ± 4,29 kg (B1); 350,94 ± 6,21 kg (B2) dan 393,94 ± 8,07 kg (B3), sedangkan anak petak terdiri dari empat tingkat lama waktu latihan yaitu L0, L1, L2 dan L3 berturut-turut 0, 5, 10 dan 15 menit/hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan produksi panas dan penurunan retensi energi secara nyata (P<0,05) dipengaruhi oleh peningkatan lama waktu latihan pada kerbau. Kebutuhan energi untuk istirahat sebesar 32,73 MJ/ekor/hari atau setara dengan 0,39 W0,75 MJ/ekor/hari. Kebutuhan tersebut meningkat sesuai dengan peningkatan lama waktu latihan 5; 10 dan 15 menit/hari berturut-turut menjadi 1,06; 1,22 dan 1,50 kali dari kebutuhan energi saat istiratahat, sedangkan perhitungan kebutuhan energi untuk hidup pokok didapatkan sebesar 28,11 MJ/ekor/hari atau setara dengan 0,36 W0,75 MJ/ekor/hari. Hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa (1) Pemberian latihan menyebabkan terjadinya kecenderungan penurunan persentase lemak dan peningkatan persentase protein tubuh kerbau; (2) Terjadinya penurunan retensi lemak, retensi protein dan retensi energi dengan meningkatnya lama latihan; (3) Kebutuhan energi untuk hidup pokok dan istirahat pada kerbau jantan masing-masing sekitar 0,36 W0,75 dan 0,39 W0,75 MJ/ekor/hari; dan (4) Kebutuhan energi pada kerbau jantan akan meningkat 1,66 kali dari kebutuhan hidup pokok bila lama waktu latihan sampai 15 menit/hari. Kata kunci: berat tubuh, latihan, produksi panas, retensi energi, kerbau pacuan ABSTRACT A research which was aimed to identify the heat production and retention of energy has been carried out in racing swamp buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) subjected to different length of exercise in the village of Candikusuma, district of Melaya, Jembrana regency (Bali). A completely randomized block design which was arranged in 3 x 4 split plot was applied in this research. There were three main plots in which each plot had one group of the animals that were categorized on the bases of their average live weights (± SD) i.e. group of B1 (309.44 ± 4.29 kg); B2 (350.94 ± 6.21 kg); and B3 (393.94 ± 8.07 kg), and four levels of exercise used as subplot. The levels of exercise were the buffaloes which were not subjected exercise (L0), those subjected exercise for 5 (L1), 10 (L2) and 15 minutes (L3). Each treatment had 4 buffaloes as replication. Results of the research revealed that heat production significantly increased and energy retention significantly decreased with the increase in duration of exercise subjected to the buffaloes (P<0.05). The average requirement of energy for resting was 32.73 MJ/head/day or equivalent to 0.39 W0.75 MJ/head/ day (per kg metabolic live weight). The energy requirement increased with the increasing of exercise duration i.e. for 5; 10; 15 minutes exercise required energy of 1.06; 1.22 and 1.50 times to energy for resting, respectively, while requirement of energy recorded for maintenance was 28.11 MJ/head/day or equivalent to 0.36 W0.75 MJ/head/day. From the results of the research it could be concluded that : (1) the exercise subjected to the buffaloes tended to cause the decrease in body fat reserves and to increase body protein compared to those which were not subjected to exercise; (2) as duration of exercise was increased there were increase in the retention of fat, protein and energy ; (3) requirements of energy for maintenance and resting for male buffaloes were 0.36 W0.75 and 0.39 W0.75 MJ/head/day, respectively; and (4) energy requirement of the male buffaloes increased 1.66 times to that required for maintenance when the length of exercise was lengthened up to 15 minutes per day. Keywords: live weight, exercise, heat production, energy retention, racing buffaloes