PENGARUH PELATIHAN DENGAN METODE BELAJAR BERDASARKAN MASALAH TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN DAN KETERAMPILAN KADER GIZI DALAM KEGIATAN POSYANDU Studi Di Kecamatan Tempuran Kabupaten Magelang THE EFFECT OF PROBLEM BASED TRAINING ON KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS OF NUTRITION CADRES IN POSYANDU ACTIVITIES A Study in Kecamatan Tempuran Kabupaten Magelang

Abstract

Latar Belakang : Kasus gizi buruk di Indonesia sulit untuk dapat diturunkan jika tingkat kemampuan kader gizi di Posyandu masih rendah. Sehingga dibutuhkan pelatihan untuk peningkatan pengetahuan dan keterampilan kader gizi. Metode Belajar Berdasarkan Masalah (BBM) merupakan salah satu metode yang efektif untuk meningkatkan keterampilan peserta latih. Namun demikian selama ini metode BBM belum pernah digunakan untuk pelatihan kader gizi. Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pelatihan dengan metode BBM terhadap pengetahuan dan keterampilan kader gizi dalam kegiatan Posyandu di Kecamatan Tempuran Kabupaten Magelang. Metode : Penelitian ini termasuk dalam jenis kuasi eksperimen dengan rancangan penelitian non-randomized control group pretest postest design. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap 33 kader gizi yang mendapatkan pelatihan BBM sebagai kelompok perlakuan dan 33 kader gizi mendapatkan pelatihan Konvensional sebagai kelompok kontrol. Variabel bebas penelitian adalah pelatihan BBM dan variabel terikatnya pengetahuan dan keterampilan kader gizi. Rerata skor pengetahuan dan keterampilan diukur tiga kali, pretes, segera setelah pelatihan selesai (postes 1) dan 2 bulan setelah pelatihan selesai (postes 2). Skor pengetahuan dan keterampilan sebelum dan sesudah pelatihan untuk masing-masing kelompok dibedakan dengan paired t-test, dilanjutkan dengan independent sample t-test, dan taraf signifikansi p < 0,05. Analisis data menggunakan komputer, dengan program SPSS version 10,0 for windows. Hasil : Metode BBM meningkatkan rerata skor pengetahuan saat postes 1 dan postes 2, sedangkan metode Konvensional hanya meningkatkan pengetahuan saat postes 1. Rerata skor keterampilan kelompok BBM lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok Konvensional saat postes 1 dan postes 2. Terjadi peningkatan rerata skor keterampilan kader gizi dari postes 1 ke postes 2 pada kelompok BBM, sedangkan pada kelompok Konvensional tidak. Simpulan : Pelatihan dengan metode BBM lebih meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan kader gizi dalam kegiatan Posyandu dibandingkan metode Konvensional. Background : Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) in Indonesia is difficult to overcome if nutrition cadres in Posyandu are low in their knowledge and skills. Therefore training to increase knowledge and skills of the nutrition cadres is urgently needed. Problem based learning method is one of the effective methods to improve the skills of training participants. However, this method has never been used in training on the nutrition cadres. Objective : This study aimed to investigate the effect of problem based training on improving knowledge and skills of nutritional cadres in Posyandu activities in Kecamatan Tempuran, Kabupaten Magelang. Methods : This study was a quasy experimental research using non-randomized control group pre test-post test design. Thirty-three cadres in treatment group were trained using problem based method, while the other 33 cadres were trained using conventional method. The independent variable in this study was the problem based training method and the dependent variables were knowledge and skills of the nutrition cadres. The score of knowledge and skills were measured three times, at baseline, exactly after the training (post test 1), and at two months after the training finished (post test 2). The score of knowledge and skill of the cadres before and after training were compared by paired t-test in each group, followed by independent t-test between the groups. The level of significance used was a p-value of < 0,05. SPSS program version 10,0 was used for data analysis. Results : The results showed that problem based learning method improved the mean score knowledge on post test 1 and 2, but the conventional method only improved the mean score of knowledge at post test 1. The mean score of skills in problem based training group was higher than the conventional group at post test 1 and post test 2. There was an increase in the mean score of skills in problem based training group from post test 1 to post test 2, but not in the conventional training group. Conclusion : Problem based training increased knowledge and skills of nutrition cadres in Posyandu activities higher than the conventional training.