HUBUNGAN FAKTOR-FAKTOR SOSIAL BUDAYA DENGAN KONSUMSI MAKANAN POKOK RUMAH TANGGA PADA MASYARAKAT DI KECAMATAN WAMENA, KABUPATEN JAYAWIJAYA TAHUN 2005 THE ASSOCIATION OF SOCIO-CULTURE FACTORS AND STAPLE FOOD CONSUMPTION AMONG HOUSEHOLDS OF WAMENA COMMUNITY, JAYAWIJAYA IN 2005

Abstract

Latar belakang : Faktor sosial budaya sangat mempengaruhi konsumsi makanan. Masyarakat Wamena masih memegang kuat adat istiadatnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji hubungan faktor sosial budaya dengan konsumsi makanan pokok rumah tangga pada masyarakat di Kecamatan Wamena, Kabupaten Jayawijaya. Metode: Ada dua metode yang digunakan yaitu kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Metode kualitatif dengan wawancara mendalam dan Focus Group Discussion (FGD) digunakan untuk menggali informasi sebagai acuan pembuatan kuesioner. Metode kuantitatif dilakukan dengan observasi dan wawancara langsung ibu rumah tangga menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur. Studi kuantitatif menggunakan desain Cross Sectional. 107 sampel diambil secara simple random sampling. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi tingkat pendidikan ibu dan kepala rumah tangga, pekerjaan ibu dan kepala rumah tangga, jumlah anggota keluarga, pengetahuan gizi, pendapatan rumah tangga, preferensi makanan pokok, fungsi sosial makanan pokok, tradisi makanan pokok. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif dan hubungan antara faktor sosial budaya dengan konsumsi makanan pokok diuji dengan Uji Chi square dari program SPSS versi 12.0. Hasil: 57% kepala rumah tangga berpendidikan dasar, dan 57,9% bekerja sebagai petani pemilik. 81,3% ibu rumah tangga berpendidikan dasar, 66,4% bekerja sebagai petani pemilik, dan 75,7% ibu berpengetahuan gizi kurang. 38,3% rumah tangga dengan jumlah anggota keluarga antara 5-6 orang. dan 70,1% rumah tangga miskin. 51,4% rumah tangga menyukai satu jenis makanan pokok, 83,2% rumah tangga menggunakan ubi jalar sebagai simbol nilai komunikasi, dan 67,3% rumah tangga menganggap ubi jalar sebagai simbol nilai religi. 51,4% rumah tangga menggunakan lebih dari satu jenis makanan pokok sebagai simbol nilai persahabatan, 75% rumah tangga memilih ubi jalar sebagai simbol nilai ekonomi, dan 78,5% rumah tangga menggunakan ubi jalar dalam tradisi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan semakin tinggi strata sosial semakin bervariasi makanan pokok yang dikonsumsi. Sebaliknya semakin kuat faktor budaya yang dianut, semakin sedikit jenis makanan pokok yang dikonsumsi. Simpulan : Faktor sosial budaya berhubungan kuat dengan konsumsi makanan pokok masyarakat (kontribusi energi dan pola makan makanan pokok). Background: Socio-culture factors influence food consumption. Wamena community still strongly hold their culture. This study aimed to examine the association of socio-cultural factors and staple food consumption among Wamena community, Jayawijaya, Papua. Methods: Two methods were used in this study, qualitative and quantitative. Qualitative method was done by indepth interviews and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) to explore information for questionnaire development. Quantitative method was done by observation and direct interviews to housewives using structured questionnaires. The quantitative study was conducted in cross sectional design and 107 samples were collected by simple random sampling. Data collected from households were illiteracy rate, occupation, the number of family members, nutritional knowledge, income, staple food preference, social function of staple food, and staple food tradition. Data were analyzed descriptively and the correlations between socio-cultural factors and staple food consumption were tested using Chi Square method. Results: 57% of the head of the families had finished their elementary level of education and 57,9% worked as farmer. 81,3% of the housewives had finished their elementary level of education, 66,4% worked as farmers, and 75,7% was lack of nutritional knowledge. 38,3% of the household had family members between 5-6 persons, 70,1% of the households had income below poverty line. 51,4% of the household preferred only one type of staple food, 83,2% of the households only used sweet potatoes as symbol of communication value. 67,3% perceived sweet potato as having religious value. 51,4% of the households used more than one type of staple food for a friendship value, 75% of the households perceived sweet potato as having economic value, and 78,5% of the households ate sweet potato in traditional ceremonies. The results showed that the higher social class had more variety of staple food consumption. On the other hand, the stronger the cultural factors were held, the less variety of staple food were consumed. Conclusions: Socio-culture factors have a significant association to staple food consumption (energy contribution and variety of staple food).