HUBUNGAN KONSUMSI IKAN DENGAN PERKEMBANGAN KOGNISI ANAK BADUTA (12-23 BULAN) STUDI DI KECAMATAN GANDUS KOTA PALEMBANG TAHUN 2006 THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN FISH CONSUMPTION AND COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN UNDER TWO YEARS (12-23 MONTH) A STUDY AT GANDUS SUB DISTRICT IN PALEMBANG 2006

Abstract

Background : Brain growth starts from prenatal period and ends at 2 years old. Fish contains protein, omega-3 and omega-6 Which are important for brain and cognitive development on children.. The aim of this study was to investigate any correlation between fish consumption and cognitive development in children aged 12-23 months at Gandus sub district, Palembang. Method : 106 children aged 12-23 months were selected using purposive sampling method in this cross-sectional study. Data on children and family characteristic is as well as. Mother’s allocation time for their children were collected by interview using stucture questionnaires. Data on cognitive development were collected using by testing subjects using Mental Development Index (MDI) of Bayley’s Scale for Infant Development (BSID) II. Dietary intake data were collecting 2 days 24 hour food recall and Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Result : There were no correlation between mother’s allocation time for their children (r= 0,111, p = 0,256), fish food consumption (r= 0,117, p = 0,232), and child cognitive development. There were negative correlation among daily energy, protein and energy, protein contribution from fish with cognitive development of children under two years (r= - 0,410, p = 0,000; r = - 0,295, p = 0,002; r = - 0,361, p = 0,000; r = - 0,293, p = 0,004) respectively. Energy from fish contributedto 14,5% score of cognitive development of the children Conclusion : There were negative correlation between fish consumption and cognitive development of children under two years. Key words : fish consumption, cognitive development, children under two years, Gandus sub District, Palembang. Latar belakang : Tumbuh kembang otak terjadi pada masa prenatal sampai 2 tahun. Kurangnya konsumsi makanan yang mengandung protein merupakan salah satu faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya kekurangan gizi dan menghambat perkembangan kognisi. Ikan merupakan sumber bahan makanan yang banyak mengandung protein, omega-3 dan omega-6. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan konsumsi ikan dengan perkembangan kognisi anak baduta (12- 23 bulan) di Kecamatan Gandus Kota Palembang. Metode penelitian : Penelitian ini merupakan studi cross-sectional. Sampel berjumlah 106 anak baduta dengan metode Purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara langsung dengan responden menggunakan kuesioner meliputi alokasi waktu ibu bersama anak, data perkembangan kognisi anak 12-23 bulan diperoleh dengan melakukan uji perkembangan mental Bayley dari Bayley’s Scale for Infant Development (BSID) II. Data asupan zat gizi diperoleh dengan wawancara menggunakan metode recall 2 x 24 jam. Data mengenai frekuensi konsumsi ikan diperoleh dengan wawancara menggunakan FFQ (Food Frequency Questionnaire). Analisis data meliputi analisis univariat, analisis bivariat korelasi berganda, dan analisis multivariat dengan analisis regresi. Hasil Penelitian : Tidak ada hubungan antara alokasi waktu ibu bersama baduta (r= 0,111, p = 0,256), frekuensi makan ikan (r= 0,117, p = 0,232), dengan perkembangan kognisi anak. Ada hubungan negatif antara asupan energi, protein sehari dan asupan energi, protein dari ikan dengan perkembangan kognisi anak baduta (r= - 0,410, p = 0,000; r = - 0,295, p = 0,002; r = - 0,361, p = 0,000; r = - 0,293, p = 0,004). Energi dari ikan memberikan sumbangan sebesar 14,5% untuk mempengaruhi perkembangan kognisi anak. Kesimpulan : Ada hubungan negatif konsumsi ikan dengan perkembangan kognisi anak baduta.