PENGARUH TABU MAKANAN, TINGKAT KECUKUPAN GIZI, KONSUMSI TABLET BESI, DAN TEH TERHADAP KADAR HEMOGLOBIN PADA IBU HAMIL DI KOTA PEKALONGAN TAHUN 2006 THE INFLUENCE OF FOOD TABOO, NUTRIENT SUFFICIENCY LEVEL, THE CONSUMTION OF TEA AND IRON TABLET TO PREGNANT WOMEN HEMOGLOBINE IN PEKALONGAN CITY 2006

Abstract

Background: One of two pregnant women in Pekalongan suffers from anemia. Anemia in pregnancy gives ill effect to both mother and the baby. Based on the previous study, 83% pregnant women in Pekalongan still practice a food taboo during her pregnancy. Purpose: This study was aimed to see the influence of food taboo and some other factor, namely the level of nutrient intake, consumtion of iron tablet, and the habit of dringking tea to the level of pregnant women hemoglobine in Pekalongan city. Methode: The study used survey methode, in a cross sectional design which was preceeded with a qualitative study. Samples were 79 pregnant women on their third semester of pregnancy, taken by proportional random sampling. Hypothesys were tested using multiple regression. Result: More than a half of respondents (60%) had food taboo. Food which were not consumed are ink fish (55,7%), shrimp (54,4%), sembilan fish (51,9%), cat fish (49,4%), all of sea fish (11,4%), egg (24,1%), goat meat (17,7%), pineapple (29,1%), durian (32,9%), heart (30,4%), egg plant (34,2%) and sugar of brown palm (1,3%). Most of pregnancy women had low iron intake (70,9%), with low and deficit protein intake (26,6% and 21,5%) compered to RDA, About of half pregnant women (51,9%) were anemie and had deficit intake of vit C (65,8%) with low iron tablet intake (70,9%), and once a day tea intake (77%). The R Square was 0,599 for all variabells being studied and for food taboo alone (p=0,001). Conclusion and Recommendation: Food taboo gives segnificant contribution to the Hb level of pregnant women. A set of metrition education should be designed to addreos the practice of harmful taboo Latar Belakang: Satu dari ibu hamil di Pekaongan menderita anemia. Anemia dalam kehamilan akan memberikan pengaruh kurang baik bagi ibu dan bayinya. Berdasarkan hasil studi pendahuluan, 83% ibu hamil di Pekalongan masih melaksanakan tabu makanan selama kehamilannya. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh tabu makanan, dan beberapa faktor lain, yakni tingkat kecukupan konsumsi zat gizi, konsumsi tablet besi, kebiasaan minum teh tehterhadap kadar Hb pada ibu hamil di Kota Pekalongan. Metoda: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei, dengan rancangan cross sectional, yang didahului dengan studi kualitatif. Sampel adalah ibu hamil dengan usia kehamilan trimester III, sebanyak 79 orang, diambil dengan cara porpotional randum Sampling. Kadar hemoglobin diperiksa dengan metoda cyanmet, tingkat kecukupan gizi, konsumsi tablet besi, dan teh yang diperoleh dengan wawancara langsung selama 3 hari. Hipotesis diuji dengan menggunakan regresi ganda. Hasil: Lebih dari separuh responden melaksanakan tabu. Makanan yang dipantang adalah cumi (55,7%), udang (54,4%), ikan sembilan (51,9%), lele (49,4%), semua jenis ikan laut (11,4%), telur (24,1%), daging kambing (17,7%), nanas (29,1%), durian (32,9%), jantung (30,4%), terong (34,2%), dan gula jawa (1,3%). Lebih separuh (70,9%) responden tingkat kecukupan besi, dan vitamin C (65,8%) tergolong defisit, tingkat kecukupan protein yang tergolong kurang (26,6%), dan yang tergolong defisit (21,5%). Sebagaian besar responden (77%) minum teh satu kali tiap hari, lebih separuh (63,3%) konsumsi tablet besi kurang dari yang dianjurkan, dan lebih separuh responden (51,9%) menderita anemia. Nilaai R Square sebesar 0,599 menujukkan bahwa variabel-variabel yang diteliti merupakan varian yang berkontribusi terhadap kadar Hb. Kontribusi tertinggi oleh tabu makanan (p = 0,001). Simpulan Saran: Tabu sangat berkontribusi terhadap kadar Hb ibu hamil. Perlu disusun penyuluhan untuk menurunkan kebiasaan tabu yang bersifat merugikan