EVALUASI KELAYAKAN INVESTASI ANGKUTAN BUS UMUM JURUSAN PURI ANJASMORO (PRPP) - UNDIP - KLIPANG KOTA SEMARANG

Abstract

Semarang city with population more than one million need a good transportation; but the cost of transportation becomes expensive day to day. Nowadays, the number of transportation unbalance with the people growth. On the other side, entrepreneur must follow the government rule about transportation and certainly make more profit at the same time. So service for people become unsatisfied because of difference goal between people and entrepreneur. However, if we see that the passenger is always crowded and the transportation entrepreneur ignores the service quality for the user of Public Transportation, it seems impossible. Thus, the writer is interested to conduct a research whether the bus passing through the Post-Graduated Building via PRPP — Klipang is reasonable to operation economically or not, this means that the transportation entrepreneur are not loss. Therefore, it was conducted some approaches, one of them is by carrying out the assessment of Vehicle Operational Work based on the average operational cost/km and the average income/km, which obtained impasse point in load factor in the amount of 124,33%. From the result of the research, it was obtained that the amount of Urban Transportation (small bus) demand via Klipang — PRPP was 829 people per day per vehicle with the amount of operating vehicle was 28 vehicles per day. After conducting the analysis, the amount of provided vehicle in order to be appropriate with the present demand should be 39,10 vehicles. From the Financial Analysis, it is proved that the investment in this way is still very profitable, it can be seen from the value of IRR = 97,10% with Net Present Value is 5.113.697.650 and Benefit Cost Ratio = 1,2734 > 1; that mean feasible. The need of vehicles in the future at 2004 = 39,10; 2005 = 44,76; 2006 = 47,20; 2007 = 49,29; 2008 = 49,82. Thus, the conclusion is that operational and urban bus via PRPP — Klipang are reasonable from the financial side and do not inflict a financial loss upon the entrepreneur. Pertumbuhan kota Semarang dengan penduduk lebih dari satu juta jiwa memerlukan alat transportasi yang handal dan cepat, karena sumber pembiayaan yang semakin timpang maka dari tahun ke tahun tingkat pelayanannya semakin merosot. Pengusaha pun selalu merasa rugi dalam misinya melayani masyarakat berdasarkan peraturan yang sudah ditentukan oleh Dinas Perhubungan. Tetapi apakah demikian halnya, kalau melihat penumpang yang selalu penuh dan pasti mengabaikan mutu pelayanan kepada Angkutan Umum, rasanya tidak mungkin. Maka penulis tertarik untuk melakukan penelitian apakah bus yang melewati Gedung Pasca Sarjana jurusan PRPP — Klipang tersebut secara ekonomis layak operasional artinya tidak rugi seperti setiap kali dikeluhkan pengusahanya. Untuk itu dilakukan beberapa pendekatan diantaranya dengan melakukan penilaian Kinerja Operasional Kendaraan yang dicinsarkan pada biaya operasi rata¬rata/km dan pendapatan rata-rata/km yang didapat titik pada impas dengan load factor sebesar 124,33%. Dart hasil penelitian jumlah permintaan Angkutan Kota (bus kecil) jurusan Klipang — PRPP sebesar 829 orang/hari/kendaraan dengan jumlah kendaraan yang beroperasi rata-rata 28 buah kendaraan/hari. Setelah diadakan analisa seharusnya jumlah kendaraan yang disediakan agar sesuai dengan permintaan saat ini adalah 39,10 kendaraan. Dan Analisa Finansial ternyata investasi pada jalur ini masih sangat menguntungkan terbukti dari harga IRR -- 97,10%; sedangkan Net Present Value mencapai 5.113.697.650 dan Benefit Cost Ratio = 1,2734 > 1 berarti feasible. Kebutuhan kendaraan diwaktu mendatang untuk tahun 2004 = 39,10; 2005 = 44,76; 2006 = 47,20; 2007 = 49,29; 2008 = 49,82. Jadi kesimpulannya operasional bus kota jurusan PRPP — Klipang dari segi finansial cukup layak dan tidak merugikan pengusaha.