HUBUNGAN KUALITAS AIR SUMUR DENGAN KEJADIAN DIARE DI DAS SOLO (STUDI KASUS DI HULU DAN HILIR BENGAWAN SOLO)

Abstract

The incidence of diarrhea in 2004 spread at the district of Gresik about 16,28 per 1000 people and district of Wonogiri about 10,9 per 1000 people. Although the Goverment has done many programs to reduce incidence of diarrhea the disease stuck on high number. Water as the main media to infect the disease, also can be the important thing to prevent incidence of diarrhea. This research has purpose to know the correlation of well water quality to the incidence of diarrehea along the riverside areas of Bengawan Solo. This research method was observational used through cross sectional approach. The number of observation was 66 respondent in upstream and 66 respondent in downstream areas of Bengawan Solo. Data were collected from laboratory, observation, medical record, intervieew and measuring. The result of bivariate analysis showed variables which correlation to the incidence of diarrhea on the upstream were: education, RP = 4,13 (CI=2,74-6,23); income, RP = 2,14 (CI=1,65-2,77); distance of well water septictank, RP = 2,36 (C1=1,87-2,97); knowledge, RP = 2,92 (C1=2,41-3,54); practice, RP = 3,57 (Cl =3,06-4,15); pH of well water, RP = 3,00 (CI=2,51-3,57); BOD well water, RP = 3,70 (CI=3,20-4,27); TDS well water, RP = 5,01 (CI=4,29-6,07); and contain of E. colt in well water, RP = 4,76 (CI=4,26-5,30). On the downstream the variables which influenced to the incidence of diarrhea were: income, RP = 1,62 (CI=1,36- 1,92); the distance of well water to river, RP = 2,02 (0=1,78-2,27); distance of well water to septictank, RP = 1,84 (CI=1,60-2,10); attitude, RP = 1,60 (CI=1,33-1,91); practice, RP=1,73 (CI=1,49-2,00); pH of well water, RP = 2,14 (CI=1,86-2,45); BOD well water, RP = 3,14 (C1=2,76-3,56); IDS well water, RP = 6,95 (CI=5,95-8,11); and contain of E. colt in well water, RP = 2,26 (CI=2,03- 2,51). The result of multivariate analysis found out the most correlation variable on upstream was the contain of E. colt in well water with significant value about 0,043. Person who had well water with contain E. colt over standard (> 50/100 ml sample) had diarrhea probability about 17%. On the downstream the contain of E. colt in well water became the main correlation of incidence of diarrhea with significant value about 0,01.1 the other was the content TDS of well water with significant value about 0,015. A person on the downstream of Bengawan Solo who had well water with contain E. colt over standard (>50/100 ml sample) andcontain TDS of well water over standard (>1500 mg/I), both had dianhea probability about 13,4 %. Conclution of this research get out the contain of E. coli variable to be the main correlation of incidence of dianthea both of upstream and two variables the contain E. coli and TDS of' well water on the downstream DAS Solo. The need action such as control] distance of well water and practice health and good habits like do not throw waste disposal on river, the river management, green forest and hygiene habits for preventive the incidence diarrhea. The further studies about river pollutants can be done for other influenced disease. Kejadian diare di Kabupaten Gresik pada talmn 2004 sebesar 16,28 per 1000 penduduk dan di Wonogiri 10,9 per 1000 penduduk. Pemerintah telah melaksanakan kegiatan program kesehatan untuk mengurangi angka kejadian diare di kedua kabupaten tersebut, tetapi angka kejadian diare masih tinggi. Air sebegai media utama penular diare sangatlah penting untuk upaya pencegahan diare. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui hubungan kualitas air sumur terhadap kejadian diare di hulu dan hilir DAS Solo. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian observasional yang dilakukan dengan pendekatan cross sec:howl. Jumlah responden didapat sebanyak 66 responden di hulu dan 66 responden di hilir. Data diperoleh dari observasi langsung di lapangan, pemeriksaan laboratorium, catatan medik puskesmas dan wawancara dengan responden Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan, pada hulu DAS Solo variabel yang berhubungan dengan kejadian diare adalah : pendidikan, RP = 4,13 (CI=2,74- 6,23); penghasilan, RP = 2,14 (C1=1,65-2,77); jarak sumur ke septictank, RP = 2,36 (CI=1,87-2,97); pengetahuan, RP = 2,92 (C1=2,41-3,54); praktek, RP = 3,57 (CI=3,06-4,15); pH air sumur, RP = 3,00 (C1=2,51-3,57); kadar BOD air sumur, RP = 3,70 (C1=3,20-4,27); kadar TDS air sumur, RP = 5,01 (CI=4,29-6,07); dan kandungan E. coli pada air sumur, RP = 4,76 (CI=4,26-5,30). Sedangkan di hilir DAS Solo variabel yang berhubungan dengan kejadian diare adalah : penghasilan, RP = 1,62 (C1=1,36-1,92); jarak sumur ke sungai, RP = 2,02 (CI=1,78-2,27); jarak sumur ke septictank, RP = 1,84 (CI=1,60-2,10); sikap, RP = 1,60 (CI=1,33- 1,91); pralctelc, RP = 1,73 (CI=1,49-2,00); pH air sumur, RP = 2,14 (C1=1,86- 2,45); kadar BOD air sumur, RP = 3,14 (CI=2,76-3,56); kadar TDS air sumur, RP = 6,95 (CI=5,95-8,11); dan kandungan E. colt pada air sumur, RP = 2,26 (C1=2,03-2,51). Hasil analisis multivariat menunjuldcan variabel yang terbukti berhubungan di hulu DAS Solo adalah kandungan E. colt pada air sumur dengan nilai signifikansi 0,043. lndividu di hulu DAS Solo yang air sumumya mengandung E. coli tidak memenuhi standar ( > 50/100 ml sampel ) memiliki probabilitas untuk terkena diare sebesar 17 %. Sedangkan di hilir variabel kandungan E. coli pada air stunur juga paling dominan berperan terhadap kejadian diare dengan nilai signifikan 0,011. Variabel kadar TDS air sumur tura berperan terhadap kejadian diare dengan nilai signifilcansi 0,015. Individu di hilir DAS Solo yang air sumurnya tidak memenula standar dart kandtmgan E. colt (> 50/100 ml sampel ) dan kadar IDS air sumurnya tidak memenula standar (>1500 mg/1), memiliki probabilitas untuk terkena diare sebesar 13,4 %. Kesi rnpulan dart penelitian ini terdapat sane variabel yaitu kandungan E. colt yang terhukti berhubungan dengan kejadian diare di hula dan dua variabel yaitu E. colt dan kadar TDS yang terbukti berhubungan dengan kejadian diare di hilir DAS Solo. Perla adanya tindakan pengendalian jarak sumur dan perilalcu hidup yang sehat dan benar, seperti tidak membuang sampah di sungai, manajemen pemanfaatan sungai yang mampu memelihara sungai, penghijauan hutan kembali, dan kebiasaan hidup yang hygienis untuk mencegah terjadinya diare. Kajian lebih lanjut tentang polutan di sungai dan dampak kualitas air sungai terhadap penyakit lainnya dapat diteliti lebih lanjut.