STUDI POPULASI DAN KAPASITAS VEKTOR DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE (DBD) DI DAERAH DENGAN TINGKAT ENDEMISITAS BERBEDA (Studi di Kelurahan Pati Lor Kecamatan Pati Kabupaten Pati dan di Kelurahan Sidorejo Lor Kecamatan Sidorejo Kota Salatiga) Study of the Population and the Capacity of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever's Vector in a Different Area of an Endemic Level (Study at Pati Lor village at Pati Sub-district in District of Pati and at Sidorejo Lor village at Sidorejo Sub-district in Municipality of Salatiga

Abstract

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is one of the serious public health problems in an endemic area. Pati Lor and Sidorejo Lor villages are a different area of an endemic level. Aedes aegypti is a main vector of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever. The aim of this research was to know the population and the capacity of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever's vector in a different area of an endemic level. This was a survey research using cross-sectional approach. The population of study was divided into two subjects. First subject was a house, which was used to survey the eggs and the larva of Aedes aegypti. Second subject was a mosquito of Aedes aegypti. Independent variables were a population of Aedes aegypti and a capacity of a vector. Dependent variable was an endemic level. Data was analyzed by t test. The result of survey at Pati Lor village is as follows: the density of the eggs inside house is 5.45 egg/ovitrap; the density of the eggs outside house is 3.96 egg/ovitrap; container index is 1.1.62%; house index is 21.33%; breteau index is 25.00%; the density of the Aedes aegypti is 4.8 mosquito/person/day; the density of parous mosquito is 30 mosquito/person/day; the mosquito density on first dilatation is 1.3 mosquito/person/day; the mosquito density on second dilatation is 1.6 mosquito/person/day; the mosquito density on third dilatation is 0.3 mosquito/person/day; and the capacity of the vector is 1.8.31.. The result of survey at Sidorejo Lor village is as follows: the density of the eggs inside house is 2.38 egg/ovitrap; the density of the eggs outside house is 2.86 egg/ovitrap; container index is 6.87%; house index is 12.67%; breteau index is 13.67%; the density of the Aedes aegypti is 3.1 mosquito/person/day; the density of the parous mosquito is 1.8 mosquito/person/day; the mosquito density on first dilatation is 1.2 mosquito/person/day; the mosquito density on second dilatation is 0.5 mosquito/person/day; the mosquito density on third dilatation is 0.1 mosquito/person/day; and the capacity of the vector is 6.80. The result of a statistical analysis using t-test shows that the density of the eggs inside house, the density of the eggs outside house, container index, house index, breteau index, the density of the Aedes aegypti, the density of the parous mosquito, the mosquito density on second dilatation, and the capacity of the vector have a significant difference. The mosquito density on first and third dilatation does not have a significant difference. To get the factors that are more dominant, it needs to do a longitudinal research in order to get a result completely. Penyakit DBD merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang serius di daerah endemis. Kelurahan Pati Lor dan Kelurahan Sidorejo Lor adalah daerah endemis dengan tingkat endemisitas berbeda. Nyamuk Ae. aegypti sebagai vektor utama panyakit DBD, untuk mengetahuinya dengan survey entomologi yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui populasi dan kapasitas vektor DBD di daerah endemis yang berbeda. Metode penelitian adalah survei dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi penelitian adalah rumah untuk survei telur dan larva, sena nyamuk Ae. aegypti untuk survei nyamuk dewasa. Sebagai variabel bebas adalah populasi Ae. aegypti dan kapasitas vektor sedangkan variabel terikat adalah tingkat endemisitas. Selanjutnya hash! pengumpulan data dianalisis dengan uji t. Hasil survei di Kelurahan Pati Lor, kepadatan telur di dalam rumah 5.45 butir/ovitrap, di luar rumah 3.96 butir/ovitrap, container index 11.62%, house index 21.33% dan breteau index 25.00%. Kepadatan nyamuk Ae. aegypti 4.8 ekor/orang/hari, kepadatan nyamuk parous 3.2 ekor/orang/hari, kepadatan nyamuk dilatasi I 1.3 ekor/orang/hari, kepadatan nyamuk dilatasi II 1.6 ekor/orang/hari, kepadatan nyamuk dilatasi HI 0.3 ekor/orang/hari dan kapasitas vektor sebesar 18.31. Sedangkan di Kelurahan Sidorejo Lor, kepadatan telur di dalam rumah 2.38 butir/ovitrap, di luar rumah 2.86 butir/ovitrap, container index 6.87%, house index 12.67% dan breteau index 13.67%. Kepadatan nyamuk Ae. aegypti 3.1 ekor/orang/hari, kepadatan nyamuk parous 1.8 ekor/orang/hari, kepadatan nyamuk dilatasi I 1.2 ekor/orang/hari, dilatasi II 0.5 ekor/orang/hari, dilatasi III 0.1 ekor/orang/hari dan kapasitas vektor sebesar 6.80. Hasil analisis statistik t-tes, kepadatan telur di dalam rumah, kepadatan telur di luar rumah, container index, house index, breteau index, kepadatan nyamuk Ae. aegypti, kepadatan nyamuk parous, kepadatan nyamuk dilatasi II dan kapasitas vektor kesemuanya menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan (p<0,05). Sedangkan kepadatan nyamuk dilatasi I dan dilatasi III belum membuktikan perbedaan yang signifikan. Untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor lain yang lebih dominan pada berbagai daerah endemis, diharapkan dapat dikembangkan penelitian lain yang sejenis dengan jangka waktu yang lebih lama agar dapat memberikan gambaran yang lebih jelas.