PENGEMBANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI SURVEILANS EPIDEMIOLOGI KUSTA BERBASIS WEB GUNA MENDUKUNG PENGENDALIAN PROGRAM PEMBERANTASAN PENYAKIT KUSTA DI KABUPATEN BREBES

Abstract

A success of an elimination program of leprosy disease needs supporting a surveillance of epidemiology. Activities of epidemiology surveillance comprise collecting, processing, analyzing, interpreting of data, and presenting information. Therefore, it needs data and information of epidemiology accurately, completely, and timely as a basic to make a decision. At this time, the problems of an information system of epidemiology surveillance are data and information that are sent by the Health Center level to the district level are incomplete, inaccurate, and not on time. Beside that, a distance from the Health Center to the District Health Office is very far with the result that data and information at the district level is not available. The aim of research was to create an information system of epidemiology surveillance of leprosy disease based on web, which gives ease to access information that can be used to monitor a leprosy situation and supports a control of an elimination program of leprosy disease in District of Brebes., This was a qualitative research using quasi-experimental design. Subjects were the program managers at the District Health Office and the five Health Centers. Objects were the processes of information at system of epidemiology surveillance of leprosy. Data Was collected by observation and interview. Information system development of epidemiology surveillance of leprosy based on web used FAST approach (Framework for the Application of System . Techniques). The conditions of an information system before development of system as follows: reporting and recording was done manually, and data of leprosy was recorded at a patient card, a monitoring book of medication, and a logbook. Beside that, sending a report to the District Health Office was late, information of a monthly report and program indicators was incomplete because data of cure rate was not available, and a graphic of a program achievement was not available. Thb conditions of informatibn system after development of system as follows: sehding data and a report can be done quickly at the end of month. A report can be directly accessed and information of a program indicator is presented completely with a graphic of a program achievement. Information system results p value equal to 0,016. It means that there is any difference of a quality between before and after development of a system. Information system, which is applied at this time, still has many weaknesses. Development of system can fulfill a necessity of information and data basis can fulfill a necessity appropriate with a level of a management. It needs to recruit the officer who is responsible to manage the data basis. It needs a commitment from all sectors to use an information system optimally. There is any limitation of a system concerning output which is resulted has not optimized the available data basis. Keberhasilan program pemberantasan penyakit kusta memerlukan dukungan surveilans epidemiologi. Kegiatan surveilans epidemiologi meliputi pengumpulan, pengolahan, analisis don interpretasi data epidemiologi kusta serta penyajian informasi. Untuk itu diperlukan data dan informasi epidemiologi yang akurat, lengkap dan tepat waktu sebagai dasar pengambilan keputusan. Permasalahan sistem informasi surveilans epidemiologi yang berjalan that ini adalah data dan informasi yang dikirim oleh puskesmas ke tingkat kabupaten tidak lengkap, tidak akurat serta tidak tepat waktu. Selain permasalahan tersebut, kendala jarak antara puskesmas dan DKK juga mempengaruhi ketersediaan data dan informasi di tingkat kabupaten. Tujuan penelitian adalah menghasilkan sistem informasi surveilans epidemiologi kusta berbasis web yang memberi kemudahan akses informasi untuk pemantauan situasi kusta guna mendukung pengendalian program pemberantasan penyakit kusta di kabupaten Brebes. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan rancangan penelitian eksperimen kuasi. Subyek penelitian adalah para pengelola program di DKK Brebes dan lima puskesmas sampel. Sedangkan obyek penelitian adalah proses-proses informasi pada sistem surveilans epidemiologi pemberantasan penyakit kusta di puskesmas dan DKK Brebes. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi dan wawancara. Pengembangan sistem informasi surveilans epidemiologi kusta berbasis web menggunakan pendekatan FAST (Framework for the Application of System Techniques) diperoleh hasil sebagai berikut, keadaan sebelum sistem informasi dikembangkan adalah : pencatatan dan pelaporan dilakukan secara manual; data kusta dicatat path kartu penderita, buku monitoring pengobatan dan buku bantu; pengiriman laporan ke DKK sering terlambat serta informasi yang disajikan berupa laporan bulanan dan indikator program tidak lengkap karena tidak ada indikator berupa angka kesembuhan (RFT rate/Release From Treatment); serta grafik pencapaian program tidak pernah dibuat. Setelah dilakukan pengembangan sistem informasi surveilans epidemiologi kusta berbasis web pengiriman data dan laporan dapat dilakukan dengan cepat setiap akhir bulan. Laporan dapat langsung diakses dan informasi berupa indicator program disajikan secara lengkap serta terdapat grafik pencapaian program. Hasil evaluasi kualitas informasi pada sistem informasi surveilans epidemiologi kusta menghasilkan nilai p = 0,016 berarti ada perbedaan kualitas informasi sebelum dan sesudah sistem informasi surveilans epidemiologi kusta berbasis web dikembangkan. Sistem informasi yang berjalan saat ini masih terdapat beberapa kelemahan. Pengembangan sistem informasi surveilans epidemiologi kusta berbasis web dapat memenuhi kebutuhan informasi dan basis data dapat memenuhi kebutuhan sesuai tingkatan manajemen. Perlu dukungan sumber daya manusia yang bertanggung jawab mengelola basis data dan komitmen dari pihak terkait untuk memanfaatkan sistem informasi secara optimal. Terdapat keterbatasan sistem yaitu output yang dihasilkan belum mengoptimalkan basis data yang ada.