KURANG PENDENGARAN AKIBAT BISING MESIN KERETA API PADA MASINIS PT. KERETA API (Persero) DAOP-IV SEMARANG HEARING LOSS DUE TO LOCOMOTIVE MACHINES NOISE ON LOCOMOTIVE ENGINEER IN Pt KERETA API (PERSERO) DAERAH OPERASI-IV SEMARANG

Abstract

Background : Noise induced hearing loss (NIHL) is hearing loss due to longterm exposure of noise. The impairment located in the sensorineural organ of the ear and typically affect on both ears equally. In industrial environment, NIHL placed in the first rank compare to another occupational disease. NIHL study caused by vehicle especially in Indonesia inclusive of the locomotive machines noise on locomotive engineer is rather. Objective: To determine NIHL prevalence on locomotive engineer resulting from locomotive machine noise and to know about correlation between NIHL, with working duration and the age of the locomotive engineer. Methods : Cross Sectional Study. Locomotive engineers at P.T Kereta Api Daop IV Semarang who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Audiometri was measured after 12 hours free of noised. Result : Prevalence of NIHL on locomotive engineers at P.T. Kereta Api (Persero) Daerah operasi —IV Semarang was 20.4%. Distribution of working duration devided into 2 groups, less than 10 years of age 2 person (1.4%) and more than or equal to 10 years of age 26 persons (18.9%). Based on age, there was tendency to increase as many as 4 persons (2.9%) on locomotive engineer less than 40 years of age, as many as 10 persons (7.3%) on locomotive engineer between 40-50 years of age and as many as 14 persons (10.2%) on locomotive engineer more than 50 years of age. Relative risk of NEM prevalence on locomotive engineer after working 10 years increase 9.8 times. Conclusion : There were significance correlation between prevalence of NIHL with duration of work and tendency suffer NIHL as the age of locomotive engineer increase. Latar belakang : Kurang pendengaran akibat bising ("Noise induced hearing loss"= NIEIL) adalah kurang pendengaran akibat kebisingan yang berlangsung lama . Kerusakannya terjadi pada organ sensorineural telinga yang bersifat menetap dan umumnya simetris pada kedua sisi telinga. Di lingkungan industri , NIHL menduduki peringkat pertama dalam kelompok penyakit akibat kerja . NUM akibat bising mesin kendaraan terutama di Indonesia belum banyak diteliti , termasuk pengaruh mesin kereta api terhadap pendengaran masinis. Tuivan Penelitian : Mengetahui prevalensi NIHL akibat bising mesin K.A pada masinis dan mempelajari adakah hubungan kejadian NIHL dengan masa kerja dan umur masinis. Metodologi.: Uji Potong Lintang . Masinis P.T Kereta Api Daop IV Semarang yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Dilakukan pemeriksaan Audiometri setelah 12 jam bebas pemaparan bising. Hasil : Angka kejadian NIHL pada masinis P.T. Kereta Api (Persero) Daerah Operasi —IV Semarang sebesar 20,4 %. Distribusi masa kerja dilcelompolckan menjadi kurang dari 10 tahun sebanyak 2 orang (1,4%) mengalami NIHL dan 10 tahun atau lebih sebanyak 26 orang (18,9%). Kejadian NIHL berdasarkan umur terdapat kecenderungan meningkat yaitu, 4 orang (2,9%) pada masinis umur kurang dari 40 tahun , 10 orang (7,3%) pada masinis umur 40 sampai 50 tahun dan 14 orang (10,2%) pada masinis berumur diatas 50 tahun. Resiko relatif kejadian NIHL dibanding masinis normal setelah beketja lebill 10 tahun sebesar 9,8 kali . Kesimnulan : Ada hubungan yang bermakna antara kejadian NII3L dengan lama kerja dan ada kecenderungan meningkat pada pertambahan umur masinis.