HUBUNGAN STATUS VITAMIN A DENGAN FERRITIN SERUM DAN HEMOGLOBIN IBU HAMIL

Abstract

Latar Belakang : Defisiensi besi dan vitamin A merupakan gangguan gizi yang sering dijumpai di negara berkembang dengan prevalensi yang cukup tinggi pada ibu hamil. Pada penderita dengan defisiensi vitamin A kronis terjadi anemia dengan karakteristik yang sama dengan anemia defisiensi besi. Pada penelitian sebelumnya dilaporkan terjadi penurunan kadar retinal darah. Tujuan : Penelitian fin adalah untuk mengetahui apakah ada hubungan antara status vitamin A dengan status besi dan Hb pada ibu hamil. Metode Penelitian : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian diskripsi analitik dengan rancangan belah lintang yang dilakukan di Puskesmas Karangawen I Demak pada periode November 2000 sampai dengan Januari 2002. Subyek penelitian adalah ibu hamil dengan umur kehamilan 13-24 minggu yang menderita anemia dan tidak menderita gizi buruk. Pada subyek penelitian dilakukan pengukuran kadar vitamin A serum dengan metode HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography), ksdar ferritin dengan metode IRMA (Immuno Radio Metric Assay) dan kadar Hb dengan metode SLS (Sodium Lauryl Sulfat) bebas sianida. Dikategorikan defisiensi vitamin A apabila kadar vitamin A < 20 Og/d1, defisiensi besi apabila kadar ferritin < 30 Og/L dan anemia bila kadar Hb 5 10,5 g/dl. Hasil : Rerata kadar vitamin A serum adalah 32,8 0g/di (SD=9,46), ferritin ndalah 34,7 Og/L (SD=28,80) dan kadar Hb adalah 10,4 g/dl (SD=0,77). Dari 67 subyek penelitian dijumpai 8 orang dengan defisiensi vitamin A (11,9%), 36 orang defisiensi Fe (53,7 %) dan 26 orang menderita anemia (38,8%). Dan 8 subyek dengan defisiensi vitamin A dijumpai 7 orang menderita defisiensi besi dan 7 orang menderita anemia. Hasil uji korelasi menunjukkan adanya korelasi yang bennakna antara status vitamin A dengan status besi (f)=0,04 dan status anemia (p=0,003). Hal fin disebabkan oleh karena vitamin A berperan dalam mobilisasi zat besi dari hepar yang menyebabkan rendahnya kadar besi darah. Kadar besi yang rendah dapat menyebabkan gangguan sintesa hemoglobin yang menyebabkan anemia. Kesimpulan : Didapatkan korelasi yang bennakna antara status vitamin A dengan status besi dan hemoglobin pada ibu hamil Kata Kunci : Vitamin A, Ferritin, Hemoglobin, ibu hamil Back ground : Iron and vitamin A deficiency are common problems in developing countries, the prevalence on the population pregnant women are high. Iron deficiency anemia has been found on pregnant women with vitamin A deficiency. It was reported that the level of serum retinol was decreased. Objective : The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of vitamin A status with iron and hemoglobin status on pregnant women. Method : This was a cross-sectional and analitical by descriptive study. The study was conducted on Karangawen I Public Health Center, Demak Subdistrict on the period of November 2000 until January 2002. The subjects of this research were 67 pregnant women aged 13-24 weeks pregnancy. There were multitional status of all the subjects. The vitamin A level was measured by HPLC ( High Performance Liquid Chromatography ), ferritin level by IRMA's (Immuno Radio Metric Assay ) method and Hb by free cyanid SLS' ( Sodium Lauryl Sulfate ) method. The reference values for vitamin A deficiency, Iron deficiency and Anemia are: vitamin A level < 20 pg/d1, ferritin level < 30 pg/dl and Haemoglobin 10,5 g/dl respectively. Results : The average levels of serum Vitamin A was 32,8 pg/dl (SD=9,46), ferritin was 34,7 pg/L (SD=28,80) and the mean level of Hb was 10,4 glcil (SD=0,77). Eight out of 67 subjects were catogorized as anemia (11,9%), 36 subjects were iron deficiency (53,7%) and 26 subjects were anemia (38,8%). Among 8 subjects with vitamin A deficiency, 7 subjects were iron deficiency and 7 subjects anemia. Statistical analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between vitamin A status with ferritin (p=0,04) and anemia status (p=0,003). These results could be explained by the role of vitamin A on iron metabolism. Where Vitamin A deficiency would decrease ferritin serum and also haemoglobin synthesis might be affected. Conclusion : There was a significant corelation between vitamin A status with iron and haemoglobin status on pregnant women. Key Word : Vitamin A, Ferritin, Haemoglobin, pregnant women