Analisis Faktor Risiko kadar debu Organik di udara ter adap Gangguan fungsi Paru pada Pekerja Industri Penggilingan Padi di Demak (Risk Factor Analysis of Organic Dust on air to Disturbance of lung's function on workers of rice mill industry at Demak)

Abstract

Industry will not only increase the prosperity of society, but also could bring on an effect of pollution, included rice mill industry at Demak Regency. The effect is air pollution, in which it would talce along a disturbance on lung's function ot especially, workers of the industry. The aim of this research is to fmd out rislc factor of dust's amount on air at working area to lung's fimetion of the workers inside, and also to measure the prevalence ratio of dust exposure's effect to the disturbance of lung's function on wmicers. Disturbance of lung's fimction, on this research, is limited on lung function parameter, which are FVC, FEV1 and FEVI/FVC ratio and all are classified as dichotomy. This research is classified as survey analitic research with cross sectional approach. The population is workers on industry at Demalc Regency. Research is carried on by measuring lung's function parameter using Spirometer. The samples are 45 peoples of 3 (three) rice mill industry. They are talcen by Simple Random Sampling method of 85 existing workers. The result shows that 34 of 45 respondents are worldng indoor with the amount of dust is bigger than Limiting Value. From the Statistical Test, we get that the incidence of disturbance of lung's function on workers is influenced by the amount of dust on air at working area (p value = 0,002), and also strengthened by worIcing duration (p value = 0,000), smoking habit (p value = 0,001), and the existence of history of lung disease (p value = 0,001). The prevalence ratios of each independent variables to the incidence of dis-turbance of lung's finiction are : the amoung of organic dust on air (PR = 3,018, p value = 0.039), and also strengthened by the existence of history of lung disease (PR = 3.535, p value = 0.021), working duration (PR = 4.130, p value = 0.024). Meanwhile, the utilizarion of masker is proven not influencing in decreasing the incidence of disturbance of lung's function. It is caused by the utilization on observation is not the real one during the working duration of respondents. Based on the results explained above, we need to implement some exact steps in order to decrease work diseases, which are caused by organic dust of the grain's grinding, in form of monitoring and controlling held by the industrialists and related institutions to the amount of dust, safety aid (masker) and the workers' healthy by doing a continue examination of lung's function Industri ikut meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarat, namun industri juga dapat menimbulkan dampak pencemaran termasuk Industri Penggilingan padi di Kabupaten Demak. Dampak pencemaran industri penggilingan padi berupa pencemaran udara yang dapat menirnbulkan gangguan fungsi paru terutama pada pekerja industri tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui factor kadar debu di udara pada ruang kerja terhadap fungsi paru pekerja, dan menghitung besar rasio prevalensi dampak papa= debu terhadap gangguan fungsi paru pekaja. Gangguan fungsi paru pada penelitian ini terbatas pada parameter fimgsi paru yalmi FVC, FE 1 dan rasio FEV1/FVC yang dikategorikan secara dlicotomi Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian survey analisis dengan pendekatan cross sectional dengan populasi pekerja pada industri penggiling path di Kabupaten Demak. Penelitian dilakukan melalui pengukuran parameter fungsi i;aru dengan menggunakan alat Spirometer dengan sampel sebanyak 45 orang dari 3 (tiga) pausahaan industri penggilingan padi. Sampel diambil dengan cara Simple Random Sampling dati 85 orang pekerja yang ada. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa 34 dari 45 respo den bekerja di dalam ruartgan dengan kadar debu diatas Nilai Ambang Batas. Hasil uji Statistik menunjukkan bahwa kejadian gangguan fimgsi paru pekerja secara bennakna diseb bkan oleh kadar debu di udara pada ruang kerja (p value = 0,002), serta diperberat oleh m a kerja (p value = 0,000), dan kebiasaan merokok 0.001, serta mempunyai riwayat penyakit aru (p value = 0.001) Adapun Rasio masirtg — masing variabel bebas terhadap kejadian angguan fungsi paru adalah : kadar debu organik di udara ( RP = 3,018, p value = .039), serta diperberat oleh riwayat pemah mengidap penyakit paru (RP = 3.535, p value = 0.021), masa kerja (RP = 4.130, p value =0.024).Sedangkan Penggunaan at Pelindung Diri (masker) terbuku tidak berpengaruh terhadap pengurangan kejadian angguan fimgsi paru. Hal ini karena pertggunaan masker yang diamati bukan merupakan gambaran penggunaan masker selama masa kerja responden. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini pedu diupayakan tindakan - tindakan untuk mengurangi penyakit akibat kerja yang disebabkan oleh debit organik dart penggilingan padi dengan melakukan pengawasan dan pengendalian oleh pengusaha, dan instansi terkait terhadap kadar debu, alat pelindung dirt dan kesehatan pekerja me1alui pemeriksaan fungsi paru secara berkala.