MERGER PERSEROAN TERBATAS DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM PERSAINGAN MENURUT UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 5 TAHUN 1999

Abstract

Merger of limited liability company on the one hand is an alternative for expanding company's business so as a better efficiency, broader market segment and more stable distribution line can be achieved, but on the other hand, the merger may indirectly give negative impact to business competition in general. Based on these reasons, the merger of limited liability company is taken as the object of Law Number 5 of 1999 on Prohibition to Monopolistic Practice and Unfair Business Competition. Law Number 5 of 1999, in two (2) of its articles, has prescribed "limitations" for merger limited liability company which may have potential to create a monopolistic practice and unfair competition, namely in Article 28 and Article 29, but in its implementation such articles have yet to be effected since until present no implementation regulation having been stipulated to implement the law. Due to the absence of such implementation regulation, the procedure of merger of limited liability company still refers to the provision of Law Number 1 of 1995 on Limited Liability Company and Government Regulation Number 27 of 1998 on Merger, Consolidation and Acquisition of Limited Liability Company as the laws of general application "lex generalis" for the procedure og merger of limited liability company. In adapting the merger of limited liability company between Law Number 1 of 1995 and Law Number 5 of 1999 there is harmonization and synchronization of regulations prescribed in both of the laws.Preventive actions against the possibility of monopolistic practice and unfair competition in merger of limited liability company may be performed either by "Komisi Pengawas Persaingan Usaha (KPPU)" or other competent institutions in charge of giving approval for the merger, including by the public who can report the allegation of monopolistic practice unfair business competition found in the merger of limited liability company. Merger Perseroan Terbatas disatu sisi merupakan altematif bagi pengembangan perusahaan agar diperoleh peningkatan efisiensi, memperoleh pangsa pasar yang lebih luas dan memperluas jalur distribusi, tetapi dilain sisi merger Perseroan Terbatas secara tidak langsung dapat menimbulkan akibat negatif terhadap persaingan usaha. Karena mempunyai akibat negatif terhadap persaingan usaha,maka merger Perseroan Terbatas dijadikan obyek dart Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1999 Tentang Larangan Praktek Monopoli Dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat. Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1999 memberikan "rambu-rambu" terhadap merger Perseroan Terbatas yang berpotensi menimbulkan praktek monopoli dan persaingan usaha tidak sehat, dalam 2 (dua) pasal yaitu Pasal 28 dan Pasal 29, namun didalam pelaksanaannya belum dapat operasional karena sampai saat ini belum didukung adanya peraturan pelaksananya. Belum adanya peraturan pelaksanaan tersebut, maka prosedur merger Perseroan Terbatas masih mengacu pada ketentuan Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1995 Tentang Perseroan Terbatas dan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 27 tahun 1998 Tentang Penggabungan, Peleburan Dan Pengambilalihan Perseroan Terbatas sebagai "1ex general is" dart prosedur merger Perseroan Terbatas.Pengaturan merger Perseroan Terbatas antara Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1995 dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1999 terdapat harmonosasi atau sinkronisasi pengaturan dad kedua peraturan perundang-undangan tersebut. Pencegahan kemungkinan terjadinya praktek monopoli dan persaingan usaha tidak sehat dalam merger Perseroan Terbatas, selain dapat dilakukan oleh Komisi Pengawas Persaingan Usaha (KPPU) juga dapat dilakukan oleh instansi¬instansi yang berwenang dalam memberikan persetujuan merger dan masyarakat dengan memberikan laporan adanya dugaan praktek monopoli dan persaingan usaha tidak sehat dalam merger Perseroan Terbatas.