HUBUNGAN ANTARA KADAR FENOL DALAM URIN DENGAN KADAR Hb, ERITROSIT, TROMBOSIT & LEUKOSIT (STUDI PADA TENAGA KERJA DI INDUSTRI KAROSERI CV LAKSANA SEMARANG)

Abstract

The concentration of phenol within urine represent accurate biological indicator of benzene exposure on workers. One of chronic effect of benzene exposure is bone marrow disorder that disturbs hematopoesis system, which causes decreasing of blood component count. Research done in CV Laksana showed the presence of benzene exposure within working area and high prevalence of benzene toxicity. The aim of this research was to analyze correlation between phenol urine concentration and 1-1b; erythrocyte; thrombocyte; and leukocyte concentration on workers that exposed with benzene in CV Laksana. This is an explanatory research. Observation and interview were done by cross sectional approach. The data include respondent's characteristics (age, job, work periode, body mass index, the use of personal protection equipment), phenol urine, Hb; erythrocyte; thrombocyte; leukocyte concentration. The data were analyzed by univariate and bivariate with Rank-Spearman correlation test. This research shows that the mean of phenol urine concentration was 20 (± SD 4,519) mg/I and prevalence of benzene toxicity 57,1%. The result of haematological examination shows that the mean of Hb concentration was 14,8 (± SD 0,7) mg/dl, leukocyte 8.072,99 (± SD 1.627,9) cells/ql, thrombocyte 282.857,1 (± SD 64.389,5) cellskl and erythrocyte 4.651.428,6 (t SD 25.403,5) cells/ql. Most of respondents (60%) worked at "pendempulan", age 21-50 years old, work period 3-25 years, mean of body mass index was 23,4. There were 51,43% respondents who didn't use masker and 97,14% respondents who didn't use gloves as personal protection equipment. Based on Rank-Spearman correlation test, there was a significant correlation between phenol urine concentration and erythrocyte concentration with p value 0,030 and correlation coefficient -0,368. It was means that there was a negative correlation between those two kinds of variables. Other statistical tests for the other variables have no significant correlation. The conclusions of this research were benzene toxicity levels based on phenol urine concentration still in early exposure category, erythrocyte count was decreased under normal value, but Hb; thrombocyte and leukocyte concentration were still normal. Workers, company, and worker department need to handle and prevent of benzene toxicity furthermore. This research should be continued with cohort design. Kadar fenol dalam urin merupakan indikator biologis paparan benzen yang akurat pada tenaga kerja. Salah satu efek kronis paparan benzen berupa gangguan sumsum tulang yang menimbulkan gangguan sistem pembentukan darah sehingga menyebabkan penurunan jumlah elemen darah. Penelitian sebelumnya yang telah dilakukan di CV Laksana menunjukkan adanya paparan benzene di tempat kerja dan prevalensi keracunan benzene yang cukup tinggi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis hubungan antara kadar fenol dalam urin dengan kadar Hb, jumlah eritrosit, trombosit dan leukosit pada tenaga kerja yang terpapar benzen di perusahaan tersebut. Desain penelitian ini adalah observasional eksplanatori dengan pendekatan cross-sectional untuk menganalisis hubungan secara statistik antara variabel terikat dan veraiabel bebas pada satu saat. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi karakteristik responden (umur, pekerjaan, masa kerja, indeks massa tubuh, penggunaan alat pelindung diri), kadar fend dalam urin, kadar Hb, jumlah eritrosit, trombosit dan leukosit. Data dianalisis secara univariat dan bivariat dengan uji korelasi rank-spearman. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui rata-rata kadar fenol dalam win responden sebesar 20 (± SD 4,519) mg/I, dimana prevensi keracunan benzene sebesar 57,1%. Adapun hashl pemeriksaan hematologi menunjukkannilai rata-rata kadar Hb 14,8 (± SD 0,7) mg/dl, leukosit 8.072,99 (± SD 1.627,9) selkl, trombosit 282.857,1 (± SD 64.389,5) selkl dan eritrosit 4.651.428,6 (± SD 25.403,5) selkil. Sebagian besar responden (60%) bekerja di "pendempulan", umur 21-50 tahun, masa kerja 3-25 tahun, rata-rata ineks massa tubuh 23,4. Sebanyak 51,43% responden tidak menggunakan masker dan 97,14% responden tidak menggunakan sarung tangan sebagai alat pelindung did. Hasil uji rank-spearman menunjukkan ada hubungan yang bermakna antara kadar fenol dalam urin dengan kadar eritrosit dengan nilai p sebesar 0,030 dan koefisien korelasi —0,368; berarti arah hubungan antara dua variabel tersebut negatif. Sedangkan uji statistik antar variabel lainnya menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah tingkat keracunan benzene berdasarkan kadar fenol dalam urin responden masih dalam kategori paparan awal. Jumlah elemen darah yang menunjukkan penurunan dibawah nilai normal adalah eritrosit, sedangkan kadar Hb, trombosit dan leukosit masih dalam batas normal. Berdasarkan kesimpulan tersebut, maka perlu dilakukan berbagai upaya penanganan dan pencegahan keracunan lebih lanjut akibat benzen oleh tenaga kerja, pihak perusahaan dan Departemen Tenaga Keda secara komprehensif. Bagi peneliti lain dapat melanjutkan penelitian ini dengan menggunakan desain penelitian kohort.