PENGARUH PEMAKAIAN ALAT PELINDUNG TELINGA (EARPLUG) TERHADAP PERUBAHAN TEKANAN DARAH AKIBAT BISING (PENELITIAN PADA PEKERJA PENGGILINGAN PADI DI KECAMATAN KARANGANYAR KABUPATEN KARANGANYAR TAHUN 2004)

Abstract

Noise is the sound disliked or unwanted by anyone. In addition to its effect on hearing, noise exposure has also been implicated as having other physiological effect. Specifically, non-auditory physiological effect of noise exposure that have been identified thus far include cardiovascular effect. Probably the most attention has been directed toward cardiovascular effect, especially potential elevation in blood pressure. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of using hearing protection devices on blood pressure regarding with noise exposure. This study was conducted on 30•male rice mill workers as the sample. That samples size were meet with inclusion and exclusion criteria.This study was classified as quasi experiment with group pretest posttest design. This study was devided into 2 groups surveilence, on the 1 'st group, consisted of worker who using hearing protection devices during its workshift and then the 2'nd one consisted of the same workers but they have never used of hearing protection devices. Confounding variables were controlled, included : ages, smoking habit, obesity, work-load, family history, inactivities. Blood pressure was measured by using mercury sphygnomanomater. The measurenment of blood pressure were taken 2 times ; at the beginning of the workshift and the end of the workshift on both groups. The result showed that noise intensity was beyond the threshold limit values (85 dB) on the all of rice mill industry where the study was conducted. From the statistical paired t test, it found out that there was a difference in mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure between the workers who using earplug and workers that have never used earplug. Workers with earplug had lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure rather than those who didn't use earplug, workers of using hearing protection was associated with a reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure of 14,6 mmHg and 6,67 mmHg.Based on the result explained above, the use of hearing protection device could be moderated the harmful effect of noise. Regular blood pressure exam nation could act as early detection to prevent workers suffering from hypertension. Bising adalah suara yang tidak dikehendaki oleh siapapun. Disamping efek negatifnya terhadap fungsi pendengaran, paparan bising diperkirakan mempunyai pengaruh fisiologis. Efek fisiologis non-auditory dad paparan bising adalah kenaikan tekanan darah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisa pengaruh pemakaian earplug terhadap tekanan darah akibat paparan bising. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 30 pekerja penggilingan padi yang telah memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi yang ditetapkan. Jenis penelitian ini termasuk eksperimen semu dengan rancangan pretest-postest group design. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan subyek (pekerja) yang sama sebagai unit analisisnya, dimana tekanan darah pekerja dibandingkan ketika tidak memakai earplug dan ketika memakai earplug. Pengukuran tekanan darah dilakukan sebelum dan setelah bekerja baik pada saat memakai ataupun tidak memakai earplug. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa intensitas kebisingan berada diatas NAB di semua penggilingan padi. Dad uji pairedt t-test didapatkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan rata-rata tekanan darah pekerja antara ketika memakai earplug dengan tidak memakai earplug Tekanan darah pekerja ketika memakai earplug lebih rendah 14/6 mmHg daripada ketika tidak memakai earplug. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diatas, pemakaian earplug dapat mencegah kenaikan tekanan darah lebih lanjut akibat paparan bising. Untuk deteksi dini dari hipertensi dapat dilakukan pengukuran tekanan darah secara berkala.