HUBUNGAN KARAKTERISTIK KELUARGA DAN KEBIASAAN KONSUMSI MAKANAN KARIOGENIK DENGAN KEPARAHAN KARIES GIGI ANAK SEKOLAH DASAR Survei pada Anak Sekolah Dasar di Kecamatan Cihedeung Kota Tasikmalaya ASSOCIATION BETWEEN FAMILY CHARACTERISTIC CONSUMPTION OF CARIOGENIC FOOD AND DENTAL CARIES AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN Survey among Primary School Children in Kecamatan Cihedeung, Tasikmalaya City

Abstract

Dental caries is a common chronic disease of childhood. The effect of dental caries is dental pain, which can make decreasing appetite in a children, and in the last will be iinfluence on nutrition deficiency. There are factors (Food, Host and Bacteria) and family characteristics which causes dental caries. The objective of this research was to evaluated the association between family characteristics, consumption of cariogenic food and dental caries. The researchers are 278 students of Primary School in Kecamatan Cihideung, Tasikmalaya City who have 8 year old. Variable was investigated in cross sectional study. The data were included oral higyene (plague, OHIS and pH) and food habits. Rank Spearmann were used to measure association between family characteristics (education, knowledge, attitude, and food preference) and consumption of cariogenic food. Product moment were used to measure association between consumption of cariogenic foods and dental caries. Logistic regresion were developed for exposure variable to predict dental caries., Almost of the mother's education were low, lower levels of oral health knowledge but higher level of oral health attitude and poor family socioeconomic. The mean of consumption of cariogenic food were 12,6 4,5 and mean of def-t score were 5,93 ± 3,13. The study shown that there was no statistical corelation between education, knowledge, attitude, and family social economics and cariogenic food habits (p0.05). There was significant corelation food preferance and cariogenic food habits (p 0,048 r 0,119). there was also significant corelation between cariogenic food habits (p 0,02; r 0,140); caries preventable food (p 0.019; r —0,140 ), plaque (p0.001; r0,223), Oral Hygiene indect (p0.008;r0.160) and there is no significant statistically mouth pH (p0.05) and dental caries. This paper recommendation to restriction sell cariogenic food arround the school . Anak-anak mudah mengalami karies gigi yang dapat menyebabkan rasa sakit, sehingga anak menjadi malas makan dan akhirnya dapat mengalami kekurangan gizi. Karies gigi disebabkan oleh tiga faktor yang saling berhubungan yaitu makanan, host dan bakteri. Di samping itu juga terdapat faktor risiko seperti karakteristik keluarga yang meliputi pengetahuan, sikap dan kesukaan terhadap makanan kariogenik dan pendapatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan karakteristik keluarga dan kebiasaan konsumsi makanan kariogenik dengan keparahan karies gigi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei dengan desain Cross sectional. Populasi adalah anak SD umur 8 tahun dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 278 anak yang diambil dad 9 SD. Data yang diteliti meliputi keadaan kebersihan mulut (Indek plaks, 01-11S, dan pH mulut) serta kebiasaan konsumsi makan. Data dianalisis secara bivariat dengan uji Rank Spearman dan Product Moment, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan uji regresi logistic. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebagian besar anak mempunyai ibu berpendidikan rendah, pengetahuan kurang baik dan sikap baik terhadap pemeliharaan kesehatan gigi serta pendapatan keluarga masuk dalam kategori rendah. Rata-rata kebiasaan konsumsi makanan kariogenik sebesar 12,6± 4,5 dan rata-rata indeks def-t sebesar 5,93 ± 3,1. Hasil korelasi menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan pendidikan, pengetahuan, dan sikap ibu serta pendapatan keluarga dengan kebiasaan konsumsi makanan kariogenik (p0,05). Terdapat hubungan kesukaan anak terhadap makanan kariogenik dengan kebiasaan konsumsi makanan kariogenik (p: 0,048 p:0,119). Ada hubungan kebiasaan konsumsi makanan kariogenik (p :0,020 r:0,140), makanan pencegah karies gigi (p:0,019 r:-0,140), indeks plak (p:0,001 r:0,223), dan Oral Higyene indects (OHIS) (p:0,008 r:0,160) serta tidak ada hubungan pH mulut (p0,05) dengan keparahan karies gigi. Penelitian ini menganjurkan kepada sekolah agar memberikan batasan terhadap penjual makanan kariogenik di sekitar sekolah.