FAKTOR - FAKTOR RISIKO PENURUNAN KAPASITAS PARU PEKERJA TAMBANG BATU KAPUR (STUDI KASUS PEKERJA INDUSTRI PENAMBANGAN BATU KAPUR DI DESA DARMAKRADENAN KECAMATAN AJIBARANG KABUPATEN BANYUMAS)

Abstract

The lime-stone industrial workers have a risk to be soiled the lime dust which is be able to result in the impairment of the lung capacity. The initial research result on the measurement of the lung capacity to 283 workers was established that 24.0% of them had a normal lung capacity, 28.6 % had experienced lung restriction, 16.2 % had lung obstruction and 31.1% had suffered a combination of lung restriction and lung obstruction. The result showed there was an increased prevalence in the reduction of the lung capacity for the lime-stone worker from 24,0% in 1997 to 75% in 2004. The aim of this study is to identify the involvement of the intrinsic and extrinsic factors to the reduction of the lung capacity incidence. The type of this study was an analytic study with survey and used a case control approach to the 63 cases and 63 controls. The cases were the workers who suffered the impairment of the lung with the combination of lung obstruction anct lung restriction. The controls were the worker with normal lung function. The sampl,y, random sampling. The result revealed as followed (1) the proven intrinsic factors, which related to the reduction of the lung capacity was thin body mass index (OR = 25,2; 95% CI =9,1 — 224,4. (2) The shown extrinsic factors which related to the reduction of the lung capacity was the dust disposal more than 350 mg/m3 of air per day (OR = 2,8; 95% CI = 1,8 — 9,9), the stage of flame production process (OR = 7,9; 95% CI = 1,6-78,9), the moderate smoking habits (OR = 6,0; 95% CI = 1,6 — 78,9), and had never using mask (OR = 5,4; 95% CI = 1,5 — 32,5). The recommendation of this study was the necessity of doing rotation regularly to the workers every 2 two years. The workers need to be provided an additional food, preparing and using masks for the workers and the effort of the smoking habits cutback. Pekerja industri batu kapur mempunyai risiko terpapar debu kapur, yang dapat berakibat pada penurunan kapasitas paru. Hasil studi pendahuluan pengukuran kapasitas paru terhadap 283 pekerja diketahui 24,0 % kapasitas paru normal, 28,6 % restriksi, 16,2 % obstruksi dan 31,1 % kombinasi restriksi dan obstruksi. Hal ini menujukkan ada kenaikan prevalensi penurunan kapasitas paru pekerja tambang batu kapur dari 24,0 % tahun 1997 menjadi 75 % tahun 2004. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh antara faktor-faktor instrinsik dan ekstrinsik dengan kejadian penurunan kapasitas paru. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian analitik dengan metode survei dan pendekatan case control, terhadap 63 kasus dan 63 kontrol. Kasus adalah pekerja dengan kelainan kapasitas paru kombinasi restriksi dan obstruksi. Kontrol adalah pekerja dengan kondisi kapasitas paru normal. Sampel diambil secara random. Hasil penelitian ini adalah (1) faktor-faktor instrinsik yang terbukti berhu-bungan dengan penurunan kapasitas paru adalah indek masa tubuh kurus (OR=25,2; 95%C1=9,1-224,4). (2) Faktor faktor ekstrinsik yang terbukti berhubungan dengan penurunan kapasitas paru adalah kadar debu lebih clan 350 mg/rn3 udara / hari (OR=2,8; 95%CI=1,8-9,9), tahap proses produksi pembakaran (OR=7,9; 95% CI = 1,6-78,9), kebiasaan merokok tingkat sedang (OR=6,0; 95% CI=1,6-78,9), kebiasaan tidak pernah memakai masker (OR=5,4; 95% CI = 1,5-32,5). Saran yang diajukan dalarn penelitian ini adalah perlu dilakukan rotasi jenis pekerjaan secara berkala. Pekerja perlu diberikan pemberian makanan tambahan, penyediaan clan pemakaian masker terhadap pekerja serta upaya mengurangi kebiasaan merokok.