HUBUNGAN PERILAKU MENYUSUI DAN STATUS GIZI DENGAN KADAR PROTEIN DAN ENERGI AIR SUSU IBU ASSOCIATION BETWEEN BREASTFEEDING BEHAVIOUR AND NUTRITION STATUS WITH PROTEIN AND ENERGY OF BREASTMILK CONTENT

Abstract

Background. Breastmilk is a primary source nutrients and energy for infants. Exponential growth phase will be optimal if there is adequate energy and nutrient intake. In the first 6 month breastmilk is the only source of energy and nutrients for infant, the quality and quantity of breastmilk are influenced by maternal as well as infant factors. Maternal factor that may influence breastmilk among other is the breastfeeding practices. In Indonesia data on the protein and energy content of breastmilk is still limited. Objective. To analyze the content of protein and energy breasmilk of mothers living in Semarang, and to study the correlation between (1) maternal education and breastfeeding practice (2) breastfeeding practice and protein - energy content of breastmilk (3) maternal nutrition status and protein - energy of breastmilk Method. The study was a cross sectional study with time series 4 month data collecting, taking into 51 mother who had infants aged 3 weeks. Data about knowledge, attitude, and practice ( KAP ) were collected using structured questionaire, maternal nutritional status was assesed using Body Mass Index ( BMI ). Protein content of breastmilk was analyzed using micro Kjeldahl method and energy analyzed using bombcalorimetry. Breastmilk speciment were collected at 4.00 — 5.00 AM. Spearman's rho ,multivariate , and logistic regression test were used to analyse the correlation between variables. Result. The protein and energy content of breastmilk were 11-12 g / L ( ±1.68) and 750 Kcal / L ( ± 99,56 ). The protein - energy content were higher than those reported western reference but similar to that reported another Indonesian study. The overall sceme of KAP was high. There were ( 1 ) no association between maternal nutrition status and energy as well as protein content of breastmilk ( p 0.634, p 0.833 ). ( 2 ) a correlation between maternal education and breastfeeding pratice (p 0.000,p 0.000,p 0.001), ( 3 ) no association between maternal education, breastfeeding practice, nutritional status and protein as well as energy content. Conclusion. The protein - energy content of breastmilk were 11-12 g / L and 750 Kcal / L. There were ( 1 ) no association between breastfeeding practice as well maternal nutrition status and protein —energy content of breastmilk,( 2 ) and there was association between maternal education and breast feeding practice Latar belakang. Air susu ibu (ASI) merupakan sumber zat gizi utama bagi bayi. Fase pertumbuhan eksponensial terjadi bila masukan zat gizi optimal dan tidak ada faktor lain yang mengganggu. Pertumbuhan bayi merupakan indikator yang peka terhadap kekurangan energi-protein. Kualitas dan kuantitas protein serta energi ASI sangat tergantung pada faktor ibu dan bayinya. Faktor ibu antara lain adalah praktek penyusuan seperti : pemberian ASI awal penyusuan, frekuensi penyusuan, lama waktu setiap kali menyusui, pemberian pengganti air susu ibu ( PASI ).Saat ini di Indonesia belum diperoleh data lengkap mengenai kandungan protein dan energi ASI Tujuan penelitian. Untuk memperoleh data kadar protein dan energi ASI ibu dad kota Semarang, serta untuk mengetahui hubungan pendidikan ibu dengan perilaku menyusui, dan hubungan perilaku menyusui , status gizi ibu dengan kadar protein dan energi ASI. Rancangan penelitian. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan cross sectionaL Sebagai subyek penelitian, ibu sehabis melahirkan dan menyusui bayinya.Data pengetahuan, sikap dan praktek (PSP) menyusui, diperoleh dad hasil survai dengan pengisian kuesioner. Status gizi ibu dinyatakan dengan indeks massa tubuh ( IMT ) . Kadar protein ASI diuji dengan metoda Kjeldahl sedangkan kadar energi ditetapkan dengan metoda bomkalorimeter, sampel ASI diambil pada jam 4 — 5 pagi. Hasil penelitian. Kadar protein ASI rerata = 11g / L ( ± 1,68). Kandungan energi ASI rerata = 750 kkal / L ( ± 99,56). Nilai protein dan energi ASI lebih tinggi dad data negara barat yang saat ini biasa digunakan sebagai acuan yaitu 9 g / L , 600 — 650 kkal / L, dan sama dengan data acuan dari Indonesia 10 —12 g / L. Skala nilai pengetahuan,sikap dan praktek menyusui cukup tinggi . Tidak terdapat hubungan antara PSP menyusui dengan kadar protein dan energi ASI (p>0,05). Status gizi ibu tidak berhubungan dengan kadar protein dan energi ASI.Terdapat hubungan antara pendidikan formal ibu dengan PSP menyusui. Tidak terdapat hubungan antara pendidikan,PSP menyusui, status gizi secara bersama dengan kadar protein dan energi ASI. Simpulan. Kadar protein dan energi ASI ibu pada penelitian ini 11g / L dan 750 kkal / L. Tidak terdapat hubungan antara PSP menyusui dan status gizi ibu dengan kadar protein dan energi ASI. Terbukti ada hubungan bermakna pendidikan dengan perilaku menyusui.