FAKTOR-FAKTOR MANAJEMEN INVENTORI YANG BERPENGARUH TERHADAP KETERSEDIAAN OBAT GENERIK BERLOGO DI APOTIK KOTA SEMARANG

Abstract

The Health Department policy about generic medicines asks the government health services facilities to write a prescription and to use generic medicines. The aim of research is to know the management factors that influence the availability of the logogram generic medicines at dispensaries at Semarang City. To get the description of the availability of the logogram generic medicines, this research uses analytic analysis using cross-sectional approach. Questioners were used to collect the quantitative data at 64 dispensaries, and In-depth interview was done to collect the qualitative data at six dispensary managers. Based on the result of this research, it is known that the management factors at dispensaries (planning, supplying, receiving, storing, distributing, utilizing, controlling, and evaluating) have a little influence to the availability of the logogram generic medicines. The availability of the logogram generic medicines is only limited to the medicines that are often written by the doctors, looked for by consumer, unscheduled period planning, supplied based on consumption pattern, and not always administrated when received. The most of the medicines are not stored in storehouse A half of distribution of the medicines in compounding room is not administrated. The most of the logogram generic medicines are sold without the doctor's prescription. The percentage of the giving prescription of the logogram generic medicines that is less than 10% from all received prescriptions is 32.6%. Controlling and evaluating are done very few in a year. The standard of the community pharmacist competence is not available. It is still transition period now. Based on univariat analysis, it is known that the percentage of the dispensaries which have a good availability is 70.3%, a good planning is 90.6%, a good supplying is 84.4%, a good acceptance is 93.8%, a good storing is 89.1%, a good distributing is 92.2%, a good utilizing is 85.9%, and a good controlling and a good evaluating is 87.5%. The conclusion, the middle, and the low level of dispensaries apply the simple management for the logogram generic medicines. The availability of the logogram generic medicines is only limited to the medicines that are often looked for by consumer. The dispensaries have no planning of schedule period. Supplying of the medicines is waiting for running low. The administration of the medicines receiving is not always done. The most of the medicines are not stored in storehouse. A half of distribution in compounding room is not administrated. The most of the logogram generic medicines are sold withoutthe doctor's prescription and the percentage of the giving prescription is very small. Controlling and evaluating are done very few in a year. The standard of the community pharmacist competence is not available. The suggestions, it needs to make and to disseminate the standard of the community pharmacist competence soon, to increase the doctor's participation for giving a prescription of the logogram generic medicines. Beside that, it needs to do Communication, Information, and Education to community, to supervise the management administration at dispensaries, to deepen the management regulation at dispensaries, and to give the management training at dispensaries Kebijakan pemerintah dalam hal ini Departemen Kesehatan RI mengenai obat generik adalah mewajibkan penulisan resep dan penggunaan obat generik di fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan pemerintah. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor manajemen yang berpengaruh terhadap ketersediaan obat generik berlogo di apotik di Kota Semarang. Untuk memperoleh gambaran ketersediaan dengan analisa deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Data kuantitatif dengan memberikan kuesioner pada 64 apotik dan data kualitatif dengan wawancara mendalam dengan 6 apoteker pengelola apotik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pengaruh yang sangat lemah antara faktor¬faktor manajemen di apotik meliputi: perencanaan, pengadaan, penerimaan, penyimpanan, pendistribusian, penggunaan, pengendalian dan evaluasi, dan ketersediaan obat generik berlogo. Ketersediaan obat generik berlogo hanya terbatas pada obat yang sering ditulis dokter dan dicari konsumen, perencanaan periode waktu tidak terjadwal, pengadaan berdasar pola konsumsi melihat kal au persediaan menipis, penerimaan tidak selalu diadministrasikan karena jumlah tenaga yang terbatas, sebagian besar tidak melakukan penyimpanan digudang karena pengadaan terbatas dan pola penulisan resep yang berubah-ubah, pendistribusian diruang peracikan sebagian tidak diadministrasikan, penggunaan obat generik berlogo sebagian besar penjualan tanpa resep dokter, sedang prosentase peresepan obat generik berlogo kurang dari 10% terhadap total resep sebanyak 32,6%, pengendalian dan evaluasi dilakukan 1 tahun sekali atau lebih, standar kompetensi farmasis koinunitas belum ada, saat ini dalam masa transisi. Hasil analisis univariat, ketersediaan 70,3% baik, perencanaan 90,6% baik, pengadaan 84,4% baik, penerimaan 93,8% baik, penyimpanan 89,1% baik, pendistribusian 92,2% baik, penggunaan 85,9% baik, pengendalian dan evaluasi 87,5% baik. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah apotik menengah kebawah menerapkan manajemen secara sederhana dan praktis, obat generik berlogo yang tersedia hanya terbatas obat yang banyak dicari konsumen, perencanaan tidak terjadwal dan mendadak, pengadaan obat menunggu persediaan obat menipis,administrasi penerimaan obat tidak selalu dilakukan, sebagian obat tidak disimpan di gudang, pendistribusian diruang peracikan sebagian tidak diadministrasikan, penggunaan obat generik berlogo sebagian besar dijual bebas dan prosentase peresepan kecil, pengendalian dan evaluasi dilakukan 1 tahun sekali atau lebih, standar kompetensi farmasis komunitas belum ada Saran untuk penelitian ini adalah segera disusun dan didisseminasikan standar kompetensi farmasis komunitas, meningkatkan peran serta dokter dalam peresepan obat generik berlogo, melakukan KIE pada masyarakat, pengawasan administrasi pengelolaan apotik, memperdalam peraturan pengelolaan apotik perlu pelatihan managemen apotik.