Zuraidah, Siti (2002) RISIKO KEJADIAN PNEMONIA PADA BALITA KAITANNYA DENGAN TIPE RUMAH DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS SIDOREJO LOR DAN CEBONGAN KOTA SALATIGA. Masters thesis, Program Pasca Sarjana Universitas Diponegoro.
| PDF - Published Version 5Mb |
Abstract
Background: In Indonesia, pneumonia is quantitatively the biggest problem among infectious diseases of the infants. Based on the World Health Organization data, incidence of pneumonia among children under five year old in Indonesia is 10%. Pneumonia detection rate in Salatiga in the year of 2001 is still low (6%). The causes of this low detection rate are lack of trained health workers in the management of Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) in the primary health center level and lack of 'ari timer' usage by the health workers to classify pneumonia patients. Objectives of this study are to know the risk of getting pneumonia among children under five year old who live in the non-permanent house. Method: This is a cohort study. Independent variable of interest is house type. Other independent variables are nutritional status, immunization status, sex, duration of breast feeding, infant age, ventilation, type of energy for cooking, house occupant density, mother's education, mother's age and type of the floor. Samples consist of 208 children under five year old who are suffering from ARI. Of those samples, 104 children are living in the permanent houses (unexposed group) and other 104 children are living in the non permanent houses (exposed group). Analysis were conducted by calculating Relative Risk (RR) and by applying multiple logistic regression. Result: The study shows that pneumonia occur in 31.25% of the samples. Crude Relative Risk (c-RR) for the exposed group compared to the unexposed group is 4. This RR varies between 5,440 and 7,8248 after stratifying association between house type and the occurrence of pneumonia with other independent variables. Risk factors of pneumonia among children under five year old are non permanent house (p=0,001; OR=5,0341), bad ventilation (p=0,0001; OR=21,108) and stick of energy for cooking (p= 0,0066; OR=3,115). Conclusion: Non permanent house, bad ventilation and stick of energy for cooking, are to be risk factors of pneumonia among children under five year old in the working area of Sidorejo Lor and Cebongan Primary Health Centers. It is suggested primary health centers and the linked institution do together for health education, house improvement and not use wood of energy for cooking. Pendahuluan : Di Indonesia, pnemonia secara kuantitatif merupakan masalah terbesar diantara penyakit infeksi pada bayi. Menurut WHO, insidens pnemonia diperkirakan sebesar 10% dari jumlah balita. Di kota Salatiga penemuan penderita pnemonia balita masih rendah ( tahun 2001 6% ), salah satu sebabnya adalah barn 33% tenaga perawat/paramedis puskesmas yang telah dilatih penatalaksanaan standart ISPA, serta kurangnya pemakaian Ari Timer sebagai alat untuk mengklasifikasi penderita pnemonia oleh petugas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh gambaran besar risiko tipe rumah non permanen terhadap kejadian pnemonia pada balita . Metode : Desain penelitian adalah kohor. Variabel independen utama yang diteliti adalah tipe rumah non permanen , dan varibel lain yaitu status gizi, status imunisasi, jenis kelamin, lama pemberian ASI, umur balita, ventilasi, jenis bahan bakar, kepadatan hunian, pendidikan ibu dan umur ibu. Besar sampel sebanyak 208 balita ISPA, terdiri dari 104 balita ISPA yang terpapar (tinggal di rumah non permanen), dan 104 balita ISPA yang tidak terpapar (tinggal di rumah permanen). Analisis dilakukan dengan menghitung risiko relatif (RR) dan regresi logistik ganda. Hasil : Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan kejadian pnemonia sebesar 31,25% dari sampel. Risiko kejadian pnemonia pada kelompok terpapar secara kasar (c-RR) 4 kali lebih besar dibandingkan dengan kelompok tidak terpapar . Setelah dilakukan analisis stratifikasi besar risiko ini (RR) bervariasi pada berbagai faktor risiko lainnya antara 5,440 — 7,8248. Faktor risiko kejadian pnemonia pada balita adalah tipe rumah non permanen (p=0,001 ; OR=5,0341), ventilasi buruk (p=0,0001 ;OR=21,108) dan jenis bahan bakar kayu (p=0,0066 ;012=3,115). Kesimpulan Rumah non permanen, ventilasi buruk dan jenis bahan bakar kayu merupakan faktor risiko terhadap kejadian pnemonia balita di wilayah kerja puskesmas Sidorejo Lor dan Cebongan kota Salatiga. Disarankan puskesmas dan lintas sektor terkait bekerja sama untuk penyuluhan, perbaikan rumah dan tidak menggunakan bahan bakar kayu.
Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
---|---|
Subjects: | R Medicine > R Medicine (General) |
Divisions: | School of Postgraduate (mixed) > Master Program in Epidemiology |
ID Code: | 14108 |
Deposited By: | Mr UPT Perpus 2 |
Deposited On: | 11 Jun 2010 10:58 |
Last Modified: | 11 Jun 2010 10:58 |
Repository Staff Only: item control page