ANALISIS POTENSI DAN PERMASALAHAN SUMBERDAYA IKAN PELAGIS KECIL DI PERAIRAN UTARA JAWA TENGAH POTENTIAL ANALYSIS AND PROBLEMS OF SMALL PELAGIC FISH RESOURCES IN THE NORTH PART OF CENTRAL JAVA SEA

Abstract

Although fish resource is characterized as renewable resource, but normally it depends on the level of the damaged. Fisheries exploitation which were unmanaged properly may affect on over fishing, and finally to the decreasing of fisheries production. Java Sea is known as one of the crowded fishing operation places in Indonesia. The development of fishing equipments, either quantitatively or qualitatively (i.e. modern navigation and its complement) may support the "competition" of big exploitation of small pelagic fishes. According to many researchers, e.g. National Commission Marine Fisheries Resources Stock Assessment, the Java Sea which about 340,000 tons/year of small pelagic fishes. While the fish harves is about 443,000 tons/year. It means that small pelagic fishes utilization is about 130% in the year 1997. This Study is aimed to investigate the fisheries potential and utilization levels, and also to account the amount of fishing effort, that is warranty to the sustainable of small pelagis fish resources. As well the study also investigate the factors may affect on over fishing in North Central Java Sea. Analytical method used to evaluate the potential of small pelagic fish is production surplus model from Schaefer, while the surplus production is based on the assumption of CPUE, that is the function from f (effort) which has a linear characteristic. CPUE Re sult (C) — Effort (f) And utilization level =MSY x 100% Results of this study showed that average production of small pelagic fishes during 10 year (1990-1999) was about 31,387.72 tons, which were caught by payang and mini purse seine with the average of trip 113,036 trips and 69,911 trips respectively. The composition of fish captured by payang were: 1.2% layang (Scads); 20% tembang (Fringescale sardinella); 6.3% kembung (Indian mackerel); 0.5% selar (Trevallies); 4.5% lemuru (Indian oil sardinella), and others were 67.5%. While the composition of fishes capture by using mini purse seine were: 38.9% layang (Scads); 21.3% tembang (Fringescale sardinella); 14.9% kembung (Indian mackerel); 10.9% selar (Trevallies); 2.8% lemuru (Indian oil sardinella); 0.7% japuh (Rainbow sardine) and others 10.5%. Analysis using production surplus model form Schaefer resulted in number of Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) was 34.654 tons and optimal effort was 66.514 standard trip of mini purse seine. More over result of analysis showed that the number of fishing fleet operation permitted in the north part of Central Java Sea was about 819 mini purse seine standard. The average of utilization level of small pelagic fish resources during 10 years was 90.75%; the lowest utilization level in 1990 was 52.2%, and the highest utilization level in 1998 was 121.3%. Several factor are identified to affect on over fishing in the north part of Central Java Sea, these are: - The assumption that sea water resources is a common property and open access that able to be exploited unlimitedly. - The difficulty of limitation of fishing equipment to be operated. - No "break time" for fishing activity. - Fishing is a kind of activity which is not required of high skill. In order to protect the sustainable of fisheries resources, the amount of fishing licenses is maximally equal to the amount of optimal effort, and it operation are limited only during fish season. Fishing log book is only implemented in every fish landing places. Sumberdaya ikan adalah sumberdaya yang dapat pulih kembali (renewable resources), namun cepat lambatnya pemulihan sangat tergantung pada tingkat kerusakannya. Pengusahaan perikanan yang tidak terawasi dapat mengakibatkan penangkapan yang berlebih, selanjutnya dapat menurunkan produksi perikanan. Laut Jawa merupakan salah satu perairan yang dapat dikatakan padat tangkap. Perkembangan jumlah alat tangkap dan kapal yang didukung semakin canggihnya peralatan navigasi dan alat bantu penangkapan ikan diduga telah ikut mendorong "perlombaan" penangkapan ikan pelagis kecil secara besar-besaran. Menurut para ahli yang tergabung dalam Komisi Nasional Pengkajian Stok Sumberdaya Ikari Laut bahwa pada tahun 1997 untuk wilayah Laut Jawa yang luas sebarannya 400.000 km2, diduga besarnya potensi ikan pelagis kecil sebesar 340.000 ton/tahun dengan produksi 443.000 ton/tahun atau tingkat pemanfaatannya 130%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi dan tingkat pemanfaatan, menghitung besarnya usaha (effort), yang menjamin kelestarian sumberdaya ikan pelagis kecil dan untuk mengetahui aspek-aspek "pendorong" timbulnya lebih tangkap (over fishing) di Perairan Utara Jawa Tengah. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam pendugaan potensi sumberdaya ikan pelagis kecil, menggunakan model surplus produksi dari schaefer, dimana surplus produksi mendasarkan did pada asumsi bahwa CPUE merupakan fungsi dad f (effort) yang bersifat linear. CPUE = Hasil (C) Upaya (f) dan Tingkat Pemanfaatan x100% MSY Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata produksi ikan pelagis kecil selama 10 tahun (1990-1999) adalah 31.387,72 ton, dihasilkan dad alat tangkap payang dan mini purse seine dengan rata-rata jumlah trip masing-masing 113.036 trip and 65.911 trip. Komposisi hasil tangkapan dengan menggunakan alat tangkap payang yaitu 1,2% layang; 20% tembang; 6,3% kembung; 0,5 selar; 4,5% lemuru, dan ikan lainnya 67,5%.