POLA HUBUNGAN HUKUM PROGRAM KEMITRAAN USAHA PETERNAKAN

Abstract

One of the economic activities conducted by most Indonesia people is fanning. This sector should really be given much attention, supported and encouraged to exist, so that it can give people business opportunities as well as absorbing manpower. One of the farming businesses is ranch. There are a lot of farmers in Batang Regency, however, doesn't have adequate asset. To overcome the problem on capital and marketing, those ranchers, co working with the core board (Dinas Pertanian Kabupaten Batang / Farming Executive Board of Batang Regency) carried out by Ka.Sub.Din Peternakan (Chief of Farming Executive Board). The cooperation between ranchers (of cows, chicken, geese, and quails) with the core agent (Fanning Executive Board) brings about a relationship of law among those who deal in partnership cooperation. The prevailing law relationship is the law of mutuality, it says that each of those who hold the relationship of law gets the rights and obligation as set in Law Number 9, 1995, pertaining with small scale entrepreneurship and the Government's Rule Number 44, 1997 pertaining with Mutual Business. This is a descriptive research with the specification on normative jurisdiction and sociological jurisdiction. The research is supported by primary and secondary data with the technique of interview and observation. The data validity is conducted with triangulation technique and it's, then, qualitatively analyzed. During the research it has been found out that the practice of mutuality on farming business carried out by the core agent (Farming Executive Board of Batang Regency) and the plasma (ranchers) came out some problems, they are, among others, the problems of asylum or protection, the risk and the standardized agreement. The core agent, dealing with the issuing of agreement, did not involve the plasma agent at all time so that the plasma agent could not bid nor they had objection to the agreement made by the core agent. That's why it's not in concordance with the mutuality practice regulated by chapter 26 of Law Number 9, 1995. The risk has also been born by the plasma agent, in case that the livestock die, sterile, lose due to the plasma's mistakes. It can be seen at chapter 4 verse (3), on the Agreement Letter of Product Sharing System on Government's Simmental Cows: "In case that the livestock aides accepted by the SECOND AGENT die, sterile, lost due to the mistakes done by the Second Agent, so the Second Agent must substitute the livestock with those having the same gender as well as the body weight in not more than three months from the date those livestock die or lost. Besides they, still, have to fulfill their unfinished obligation under such agreement. This practice has become unfair. Because, if there is profit, the core agent will get the profit, but if they lose it will be the plasma that bears the loss. Besides, the law protection for ranchers is supposedly lack, because the plasma hasn't had bargaining position in that deal, so willy-nilly, if they want to make cooperative deal, they have to endorse the agreement issued by the core agent. If the mutual business of core-plasma ranch is well organized under the principal of mutual in needs, bringing up and profits, it will support the realization of prosperous society. Further more Batang Regency has belonged to a center of cow ranches. That's why the participation from the government, business atmosphere, and society is very crubial in realizing the mutual business on core-plasma ranch on the base of 'belong to one family.' Salah satu kegiatan ekonomi yang dilakukan sebagian besar penduduk Indonesia adalah usaha tani. Salah satu usaha tani tersebut adalah petemakan. Di Kabupaten Batang, banyak petani temak yang tidak punya modal memadai. Untuk mengatasi masalah permodalan dan pemasaran, petani temak bekerjasama dengan pihak inti (Dinas Pertanian Kabupaten Batang). Kerjasama antara petani temak (sapi, ayam arab, itik, dan hurting puyuh) dengan inti (Dinas Pertanian) melahirkan hubungan hukum diantara para pihak yang melakukan kerjasama kemitraan. Hubungan hukum yang terjadi adalah hubungan hukum timbal batik, yaitu pihak-pihak yang mengadakan hubungan hukum masing¬masing memperoleh hak dan kewajiban sebagaimana diatur dalam Undang-Undang No. 9 Tahun 1995 tengan Usaha Kecil dan Peraturan Pemerintah No. 44 Tahun 1997 tentang Kemitraan. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian yang deskriptif, dengan spesifikasi yuridis normative dan yuridis sosiologis. Penelitian ini didukung data primer dan data sekunder dengan teknik wawancara dan observasi partisipan. Validitas data dilakukan dengan teknik triangulasi dan dianalisis secara kualitatif. Dalam penelitian ditemukan bahwa pelaksanaan kemitraan usaha peternakan yang dilakukan pihak inti (Dinas Pertanian Kabupaten Batang) dan plasma (petani ternak) terdapat beberapa masalah, diantaranya adalah masalah perlindungan hukum, risiko dan perjanjian baku. Pihak inti dalam membuat perjanjian, tidak melibatkan pihak plasma sama sekali, sehingga pihak plasma tidak dapat menawar atau merasa keberatan atas perjanjian yang dibuat inti. Dengan demikian tidak sesuai dengan kesetaraan yang diatur dalam Pasal 26 Undang¬Undang No. 9 Tahun 1995 Tentang Usaha Kecil. Risiko juga ditanggung pihak plasma, bilamana ternak mati, steril, hilang karena kesalahan plasma. Hal ini bisa dilihat dalam Pasal 4 ayat (3), Swat Perjanjian Gaduhan Sapi Simmental Pemerintah : "Bila temyata bantuan yang diterima PIHAK KEDUA mati, steril, hilang karena kesalahan PIHAK KEDUA, maka PIHAK KEDUA hams mengganti temak tersebut dengan umur, jenis kelamin, dan berat badan yang sama selambat-lambatnya tiga bulan terhitung sejak temak tersebut mati atau hilang sena tetap memenuhi kewajiban yang belum dipenuhinya berdncarkan perjanjian ini. Hal ini menjadi tidak adil. Karena kalau untung pihak inti akan mendapat keuntungan, tapi kalau rugi pihak plasma yang mendapat kerugian. Selanjutnya mengenai perlindungan hukum bagi petani temak dirasa masih kurang, karena plasma tidak mempunyai posisi tawar dalam perjanjian, sehingga mau tidak mau bila mereka mau bekerjasama maka hams menyetujui perjanjian yang diberikan pihak inti. Kemitraan usaha peternakan inti-plasma apabila dikelola dengan baik berdasarkan prinsip saling memerlukan, membesarkan, dan menguntungkan akan mendukung terciptanya kesejahteraan masyarakat Apalagi Kabupaten Batang termasuk sentra temak sapi. Maka dan itu peran serta pemerintah, dunia usaha, dan, masyarakat sangat penting dalam rangka mewujudkan kemitraan usaha petemakakti inti plasma.