PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA KREDIT PERBANKAN MELALUI LEMBAGA ARBITRASE

Abstract

Giving credit practically is not always running well. The causal factor for this is intern factor, like : debtor factor, debtor's business and also extern factor like natural factor, therefore the debtor can't pay off his credit, whereas bank as creditor, based on regulation of banking, unpaid credit according to decree of Indonesia Bank Director (SK Direktur BI) No. 31/ICEP/DIR date 12 November 1998, is complication credit until credit problems is happen. The credit problems between debitor and bank categorised in 10 forms of i.e : credit total, guarantee lawsuit , lawsuit on clause, licensing lawsuit, lawsuit on basic changing, lawsuit on neglect of other agreement, lawsuit on law cases, lawsuit on bankrupt statement, lawsuit on inertia of agreement action, and crosswise lawsuit. The procedure of solving credit problems chosen by the bank was firstly solving intern, if it doesn't work, the bank will send this case to the court of first instance (Pengadilan Negeri) or arbitration institute as long as in bank clause states the solving legal action through arbitration institute. Theoretically, the purpose of arbitration institute is a institute for solving private credit problems according to fast, cheap, easy, closed trade system and expert in it's field. However, in practically the solving of banking credit through arbitration is not much yet. The problem is that banking doesn't understand totally solving credit problems by arbitration, beside arbitration institute as private judicature which donates court sessions and it's personalities so it make high cost and in functional of arbitration as executor institute. Pemberian kredit dalam praktek tidak selalu berjalan lancar faktor penyebab tidak berjalannya kredit secara sempuma karena faktor intern yaitu karakter debitur, faktor usaha debitur serta faktor ekstem yaitu faktor alam sehingga akibatnya debitur tidak dapat melunasi kreditnya sedangkan bank sebagai kreditur berdasarkan aturan perbankan kredit yang tidak terbayar sesuai dengan peraturan SK Direktur BI No 31/KEP/DIR tanggal 12 Nopember 1998 termasuk dalam kategori kredit bermasalah hingga timbullah sengketa kredit. Bentuk sengketa yang terjadi antara Debitur dan Bank dikategorikan dalam 10 bentuk sengketa yaitu sengketa jumlah utang, sengketa jaminan, sengketa tentang pelaksanaan klausula, sengketa perizinan, sengketa tentang perubahan mendasar, sengketa kelalaian terhadap perjanjian lain, sengketa kasus hukum, sengketa pemyataan pailit, sengketa keterlambatan pelaksanaan perjanjian, sengketa Silang. Prosedur penyelesaian sengketa yang dipilih Bank mula-mula dengan menyelesaikan secara intern bank, bila upaya tersebut tidak membawa hasil bank akan membawa kasusnya ke Pengadilan Negeri ataupun Lembaga Arbitrase sepanjang di dalam klausul bank menetapkan penyelesaian melalui Lembaga Arbitrase. Secara teroritis tujuan didirikannya Lembaga Arbitrase sebagai Lembaga penyelesai sengketa swasta yang sesuai dengan prinsip perdagangan yang cepat, murah, mudah, tertutup serta ahli di bidangnya namun di dalam bank menyelesaikan sengketa kredit perbankan Arbitrase di dalam praktek pelaksanaan belum banyak sengketa kredit perbankan yang diselesaikan lembaga Arbitrase. Kendala yang terjadi pihak perbankan belum memahami seutuhnya bentuk penyelesaian sengketa lewat Arbitrase, di samping Lembaga Arbitrase sebagai Lembaga Peradilan Swasta yang mendanai proses persidangan dan personalnya hingga mengakibatkan biaya tinggi, serta tisdak berperannya Arbitrase sebagai Lembaga Eksekutor.