REBIJAKAN LEGISLATIF MENGENA1 REJARATAN TERRADAP REMANUSIAAN DI INDONESIA SEBAGAI SALMI SAW PELANGGARAN RAM YANG 'BERAT

Abstract

Historically, terns of crimes against humanity is first introduced in International Tribunal for World War II criminals in Nuremberg Germany (International Military Tribunal Nuremberg/IM7'N) and in Tokyo Japan (International Military Tribunal Tokyo). This term is introduced again after the cool war until this time by formed ad hoc International Tribunal like in Rwanda (International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda/ICTR) and in Yugoslavia (International Criminal Tribunal for Former Yugoslavia/ICTY) or permanently International Court of Justice based on Rome Statute 1998 (International Criminal Court/ICC). Normatively, term of crimes against humanity could be met at various instruments of law, such as for international scale are in IMTN 1946, IkITT 1948, ICTR 1993, ICTR 1994, Rome Statute 1998, or for national scale is in lITJ RI Number 26 Year 2000 about court of human rights. If we look at some literatures of law in Indonesia, term of crimes against humanity is something that was introduced recently. Based on formal jurisdiction, this term is first introduced after Indonesian goverment acts (UU) number 26 year 2000 about court of human rights. The government of Indonesia has released these acts as a manifestation and implementation of political acts, or some experts say it as legislative policy. Seventh articles of Indonesian goverment acts (UU) number 26 year 2000 tell us that crimes against humanity is one form of gross violatio.i of human rights, beside crime of genocide. Crime against humanity as one form of gross violations of human rights was happened in Aceh, Jakarta, Timtim, Maluku, and another some regions in Indonesia. Varidus type of these violations are: summary killing; arbitrary arrest and detention, torture and other cruel, inhumnane and degrading treatment, enforced disappearance, and extermination . Secara historis, istilah kejahatan terhadap kernanusiaan pertama kali muncul dalam peradilan penjahat Perang Dunia kedua di Nuremberg Jerman (International Military Tribunal Nuremberg/IMTN) maupun di Tokyo Jepang (International Military Tribunal Tribunal Tokyo). Selanjutnya istilah tersebut muncul kembali pasca perang dingin hingga saat ini melalui pembentukan peradilan internasional, baik yang bersifat ad hoc sebagaimana di Rwanda (International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda/ICTR) dan di Yugoslavia (International Criminal Tribunal For Fenner Yugoslavia/ICTY) maupun yang bersifat pennanen berdasarkan Statuta Roma 1998 (International Criminal Court/ICC). Secara. normatif, pengertian kejahatan terhadap kemanusiaan telah tercantum dalam berbagai instrumen hukum, baik yang bersifat internasional sebagaimana terdapat dalam IMTN 1946, IMTT 1948, ICTR 1993, ICTR 1994, Stattua Roma 1998, maupun yang bersifat nasional sebagaimana terlihat dalam T_TU RI No. 26 Tahun 2000 tentang Pengadilan HAM. Dalam khasanah hukum di Indonesia, istilah kejahatan terhadap kemanusiaan relatif baru. Dirnana secara yuridis formal istilah tersebut baru "lahir" sejak diundangkannya UU No. 26 Tahun 2000 tentang Pengadilan HAM. Upaya pemerintah Indonesia menciptakan UU tersebut, tidak lain merupakan bentuk penerapan politik kebijakan perundangan-undangan atau yang dikenal pula sebagai kebijakan legislatif Pasal 7 UU No. 26 Tahun 2000 menyebutkan bahwa kejahatan terhadap kemanusiaan merupakan salab satu bentuk pelanggaran HAM yang berat, di samping kejahatan genosida.. Kejahatan terhadap kemanusiaan sebagai salah satu pelanggaran HAM yang berat, di Aceh, Jakarta, Timtim, Maluku, dan berbagai wilayah Indonesia. lainnya, umumnya berupa : pembunuhan secara kilat, penanglcapan .dan penahanan sewenang-wenang, penyiksaan dan perlakuan yang kejam dan kejana sena merendahkan martabat, penghilangan secara paksa, dan pembumibangusan.