KAJIAN POTENSI DAN STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN PEMBENIHAN UDANG WINDU SKALA RUMAH TANGGA (Backyard Hatchery) DI KABUPATEN TEGAL

Abstract

The business of shrinip-larvae rearing, which is well known as backyard hatchery, still exists however they are facing various risks. Up to now, there has not been a deep analysis on the existence and the persistence as well, as the development strategy of such backyard hatchery yet. The research was carried out to find the profile of the potential business as the result of, self evaluation on the business activity of backyard hatchery in Tegal Regency and co determine its management strategy as well as development. The research was conducted from January to March 2003, in the coastal area of Suradadi and Warureja District as the centre of backyard hatchery in Tegal Regency. This research is descriptive and it is a case study with its primary and secondary data material and the potential of backyard hatchery in Tegal Regency, which is in the form of technical, ecologic and economic potential acquired with cluster method aproach by random sampling method using questionnaire. The data were analyzed with the SWOT analysis which is the self evaluation on the situation of both internal factors (strengths, weakness) and external factors (opportunities, threats). The out put of SWOT analyysis indicates that the value of the interaction between the strategic factors of strengths and threats (ST) demonstrates the highest rank 3,40 and then followed by the interaction between strengths and opportunities (SO) was 2,35. The interaction between weakness and threats (WT) was 2,10 and the interaction between weakness and opportunities (WO) was 2,05. Based on the calculation process of Internal Strategic Factors Analysis Summary (WAS) and External Strategic Factors Analysis Summary (LEAS), it was found that the total value of strategic internal and external factors were 2,30 and 2,15 respectively. The interaction value between those two strategic factors internal and external matrix was in stability and growth segment. The strategy of management and development recommended for the backyard hatchery business in Tegal Regency consists of three phases namely business stability, growth and development. The stability phase is the consistency, the continuity and the efficiency of the business without any changes in its profit, folowed by the growth phase in the form of reinforcement to access of insemination technology, nauplius producer as the up stream and marketing as the down stream. The development phase as the advanced phase is implemented by developing the germination technology in which the backyard hatchery group can create nauplius by themselves and also manage the pond shrimp independently. Keberadaan usaha pemeliharaan larva (larvae rearing) udang windu yang lebih dikenal sebagai pembenihan udang windu skala rumah tangga (backyard hatchery) di Kabupaten Tegal masih eksis namun tidak terlepas dari berbagai resiko yang dihadapi. Sampai saat ini belum ada suatu analisis yang mendalam tentang keberadaan dan kelangsungan serta strategi pengembangan usaha pembenihan udang skala rumah tangga tersebut. Penelitian dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui profit potensi usaha sebagai basil dari evaluasi did terhadap kegiatan usaha pembenihan udang windu skala rumah tangga di Kabupaten Tegal dan menentukan strategi pengelolaan serta pengembangannya. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Januari - Maret 2003, di wilayah pantai Kecamatan Suradadi+clan Kecamatan Warureja yang merupakan sentra backyard hatchery udang di Kabupaten Tegal. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dan merupakan studi kasus dengan materi data primer dan sekunder mengenai potensi pembenihan udang windu skala rumah tangga di Kabupaten Tegal balk berupa potensi teknis dan ekologis maupun ekonomis yang diperoleh melalui pendekatan cluster method dengan cara random sampling method melalui questionnaire. Data penelitian dianalisis dengan analisis SWOT yang merupakan evaluasi diri terhadap situasi faktor internal berupa kekuatan (strengths) dan kelemahan (weakness) serta faktor eksternal yang berupa peluang (opportunities) dan ancaman (threats). Basil analisis SWOT menunjukan nilai terboboti dari interaksi faktor kekuatan dengan ancaman (ST) menduduki peringkat tertinggi sebesar 3,40, disusul interaksi faktor kekuatan dengan peluang (SO) sebesar 2,35, interaksi faktor strategis kelemahan dengan ancaman (WT) sebesar 2,10 dan terakhir interaksi faktor strategis kelemahan dengan peluang (WO) sebesar 2,05. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan melalui matrik Internal Strategic Factors Analysis Summary (IFAS) dan External Strategic Factors Analysis Summary (EMS) diperoleh nilai total faktor internal dan eksternal strategis masing¬masing sebesar 2,30 dan 2,15. lnteraksi kedua nilai faktor strategis tersebut dalam matrik internal-eksternal berada pada posisi segmen stabilitas dan pertumbuhan. Strategi pengelolaan dan pengembangan yang direkomendasikan bagi usaha pembenihan udang windu skala rumah tangga (backyard hatchery) di Kabupaten Tegal secara berturut-turut terdiri dad tiga tahap yakni stabilitas usaha, pertumbuhan dan pengembangan. Tahapan stabilitas berupa konsistensi dan kontinyuitas usaha termasuk efisiensi tanpa ada perubahan keuntungan disusul dengan tahap pertumbuhan berupa penguatan terhadap akses teknologi pembenihan, produsen nauplius sebagai usaha hulu dan pemasaran sebagai usaha hilir. Tahap pengembangan sebagai tahap lanjutan dilakukan dengan mengembangkan teknologi pembenihan dimana kelompok backyard hatchery dapat menghasilkan nauplius sendiri disamping juga diharapkan dapat mengelola usaha pertambakan udang sendiri.