Respon Fisiologis dan Tingkah Laku Ayam Broiler Periode Starter Akibat Cekaman Temneratur dan Awal Pemberian Pakan Yang Berbeda (Physiological and Behavior Response of Broiler Chick at Starter Period Due Temperature Stress and Different Initial Feeding)

Abstract

This experiment is purpose to study the physiological response and behavior of starter period broiler due to stressed temperature and different initial feeding . The hypothesis of the thesis is that stressed temperature and different initial feeding affect the physiological response and behavior of the starter period broiler. The subject of the research was 240 DOC broilers raised in starter period within three weeks in different temperature level namely normal temperature and stressed temperature ( high and low temperature ), the temperature was lowered to 3 ° C every week. Initial feeding was carried out in two levels namely the first day feeding (I) and second day feeding (Th. The treatment was conducted as follows : T1F1 : low temperature ( 25 — 33 ° C ) first day feeding T1F2 : low temperature ( 25 — 33 ° C ) second day feeding T2F1 : moderate temperature ( 28 — 36 ° C ) first day feeding T2F2 : moderate temperature ( 28 — 36 ° C ) second day feeding T3F1 : high temperature ( 33 — 41 ° C) first day feeding T3F2 : high temperature ( 33 — 41 ° C) second day feeding The design of the experiment was Randomized Complettely Design split plot in time model with 4 times replication. There were 24 experiment units, wich 10 broilers were raised in each experiment unit. One broiler was taken from each unit as a subject of research and examined based on each parameter. The parameter used in the research were : the increase of body weight , rectal temperature, blood glucose level, amount of erytroyt, amount of leucocyt, T3 hormone level, eating behaviour, drinking, resting, "panting", and walking. The data collected was tested by ANOVA followed by Duncan testing. The result of the experiment shows that no interaction effect of temperature and initial feeding on blood profile, body weight gain, rectal temperature, feed consumption and behavior. Stressed temperature doesn't affect the blood profile (erytrocyt, leucocyt and glucose). Stressed temperature affects significanly on the rectal temperature, body weight gain, feed consumption, T3 hormone and behavior. The initial feeding doesn't affect the blood profile but affect the rectal temperature, body weight gain, feed consumption and behavior. The conclusion of the research is that the positive condition (in term of physiological response and behavior) for broiler raising in Indonesia is in low temperature ( 25 — 33 ° C ) and the earliest feeding as DOC arrive in the coop. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji respon fisiologis dan tingkah laku pada ayam broiler periode starter terhadap cekaman temperatur dan awal pemberian pakan yang berbeda. Hipotesis yang diajukan dalam penelitian ini adalah, cekaman temperatur dan awal pemberian pakan yang berbeda berpengaruh terhadap respon fisiologis dan tingkah laku ayam broiler periode starter. Materi penelitian ini adalah 240 ekor DOC , yang dipelihara dalam periode indukan selama tiga minggu pada level temperatur yang berbeda, yaitu temperatur normal dan temperatur tercekam ( tinggi dan rendah ), temperatur diturunkan 3 ° C setiap minggu . Pemberian pakan awal diperlakukan dalam dua macam waktu, yaitu pemberian hari I dan hari II. Perlakuan yang diterapkan adalah : T 1F1 : temperatur rendah ( 25 — 33 ° C ) , pemberian pakan hari I T1F2 : temperatur rendah ( 25 — 33 ° C) , pemberian pakan hari II T2F1 : temperatur sedang ( 28 — 36 ° C ) , pemberian pakan hari I T2F2 : temperatur sedang ( 28 — 36 ° C ) , pemberian pakan hari 11 T3F 1 : temperatur tinggi ( 33 — 41 ° C ) , pemberian pakan hari I T3F2 : temperatur tinggi ( 33 — 41 ° C ) , pemberian pakan hari Rancangan percobaan adalah RAL pola split plot in time dengan 4 ulangan. Ada 24 unit percobaan, setiap unit percobaan dipelihara 10 ekor ayam. Dad tiap unit diambil seeker ayam sebagai subyek penelitian yang diuji untuk setiap parameter. Parameter yang diamati yaitu : PBB, suhu rektal, kadar glukosa darah, jumlah eritrocyt, jumlah leucocyt, kadar hormon T3, tingkah laku makan, minum, istirahat, "panting", dan bedalan. Data yang diperoleh diuji ANOVA, dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak ada interaksi antara suhu dan pakan awal terhadap profil darah, PBB, suhu rektal, konsumsi pakan dan tingkah laku. Cekaman suhu tidak berpengaruh pada profil darah (eritrocyt, leucocyt dan glukosa). Cekaman suhu berpengaruh nyata pada suhu rectal,PBB,konsumsi pakan dan hormon T3 serta tingkah laku. Pemberian pakan awal tidak berbeda nyata pada profit darah, tetapi berpengaruh nyata pada suhu rectal, PBB dan konsumsi pakan serta tingkah laku. Kesimpulan hasil penelitian ini, kondisi Yang positif ( secara fisiologis dan tingkah laku ) bagi pemeliharaan ayam broiler di Indonesia adalah pada suhu rendah