Pengaruh Penggunaan Berbagai Macam Bahan Litter Untuk Pemeliharaan Ayam Broiler Terhadap Performans dan Kaitannya Dengan Status Darah dan Kondisi Litter (The Effect of Various Litter Materials on Broiler Performance and its Relation to Blood Status and Litter Condition )

Abstract

This research aimed to get the most suitable litter material for broiler keeping. It was conducted since June 12 to July, 2004 at Experimental Farm Faculty of Animal Husbandry Unsoed Purwokerto. Ninety six broiler chick of Cobb Strain produced by Anwar Sierad have been used. The experimental design used was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatment and 6 replication, each treatment unit had 4 chicks. The treatment applied was litter materials consisted of rice hull, rice straw, shavings and saw dust. Data obtained were analyzed using variance analysis (F test) and Honestly Significant Difference (11SD) at 5 percent significance. Parameters observed were broiler performance and blood status. The results indicated that the treatment did not have significant effect (P > 0.05) on feed consumption and feed conversion, blood status on erythrocyte number, and Packed Cell Volume (PCV), and litter condition. However, body weight gain of broiler kept on shavings was significant (P < 0.05) higher than that on the other litter materials. In additions, shavings contained significantly (P < 0.05) less mite of Dermanyssus gallinea than the other litter materials. The research concluded that shavings was the best litter material for broiler since the material gave the better body weight gain and reduced the number of parasitic microorganisms. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan bahan "litter" yang sesuai untuk pemeliharaan ayam broiler, dilaksanakan mulai 12 Juni sampai dengan 17 Juli 2004 di Eksfarm Fakultas Peternakan Unsoed Purwokerto. Materi yang digunakan adalah 96 ekor anak ayam broiler Strain Cobb Produksi Anwar Sierad. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan bahan "litter" sekam padi, jerami padi, serutan kayu, serbuk gergajian kayu; rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) terdiri dad 4 perlakuan, 6 ulangan, tiap unit 4 ekor. Data diolah dengan analisis ragam (uji F) kemudian dilanjutkan dengan uji BNT (Beda Nyata Terkecil) pada signifikan 0.05. Parameter yang diamati adalah performans yang meliputi konsumsi pakan, pertambahan bobot badan, konversi pakan, dan status darah yang meliputi jumlah eritrosit, PCV (Packed Cell Volume) serta kondisi "litter" yang meliputi temperatur "litter", kelembaban "litter", pH "litter" dan kandungan NH3 (amoniak) "liter". Hasil penelitian memmjukkan perlakuan tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap konsumsi pakan, konversi pakan, jumlah eritrosit dan PCV (Packed Cell Volume), kondisi "litter"; tetapi pertambahan bobot badan pada "litter" dari serutan kayu nyata lebih tinggi (P < 0.05) dibanding sekam padi, jerami padi, serbuk gergajian kayu. Demikian pula serutan kayu nyata mengandung tungau Dermanyssus gallinea lebih sedikit (P < 0.05) dibanding sekam padi, jerami padi, serbuk gergajian kayu. Kesimpulan basil penelitian, serutan kayu merupakan bahan "litter" terbaik di antara sekam padi, jerami padi, serbuk gergajian kayu untuk performans ayam broiler karena selain pertambahan bobot badan yang lebih baik juga mampu menekan jumlah mikroorganisme/parasit.