PERBANDINGAN PEMBERIAN FORMULA 100 DENGAN FORMULA KEDELAI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN ANAK PRASEKOLAH (COMPARATION OF FORMULA 100 AND SOYBEAN FORMULA SUPPLEMENTATION ON THE GROWTH OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN)

Abstract

Background : Preschool children is a group who has risk to be affected by growth faltering. Formula 100 (F100) and soybean formula are supplementary foods which have high energy content and having reasonable price, however, these are not widely used for preschool children. Objective : This study is aimed to investigate the effect of F100 compared to soybean formula on the growth of preschool children. Methods : A cross-over trial was conducted on 96 preschool children aged 4-7 years, in the North Semarang district and Tembalang Semarang city, two places having the mid and low socio-economi levels. Subjects were randomly allocated into 2 groups to receive either 200 ml F100 (Group A the Tembalang district,47 children) or soybean formula (Group B the North Semarang district,49 children) for 1 month and crossed-over after 6 week wash-out period. Body weight was measured weekly, height and food analysis by 3-days food recall were measured at the beginning and the end of the study. The t-test was used to analyze the data with normal distribution and the Mann Whitney U-test was used to analyze the data that showed a not normal distribution. Result : At the first phase supplementation with F100 for one month showed increase of AWAZ 0.03, AHAZ 0.03, and AWHZ 0.03 and supplementation with soybean formula showed increase of AWAZ 0.03, AfIAZ 0.01, and AWHZ 0.05. Statistical analyses showed there were no significant difference on increment of WHZ, WAZ and HAZ (p>0.05). The F100 group showed the criteria for acceptability : good 94% and poor 6%; while the soybean group showed : good 58% and poor 42%. Statistical analyses showed there were significant difference on the acceptability measurement. At the second phase, after the wash-out the increment were better. Supplementation of F100 gained AWAZ was 0.14, AHAZ 0.02, and AWHZ 0.2, and supplementation with soybean formula gained AWAZ was 0.10, AHAZ 0.03, and AWHZ 0.16. Statistical analyses showed there were no significant difference on increment of WHZ, WAZ and HAZ (p>0.05). The F100 group showed the criteria for acceptability : good 88% and poor 12%; while the soybean group showed : good 77% and poor 23%. Statistical analyses showed there were no significant difference on the acceptability measurement. Conclusion : Supplementation F100 for one month as well as soybean formula were no significant difference induced the catch-up growth of preschool children. Latar belakang : Anak prasekolah merupakan kelompok anak yang rawan mengalami gangguan pertumbuhan. Formula 100 dan formula kedelai adalah makanan tambahan padat gizi dengan harga terjangkau namun jarang digunakan sebagai tambahan gizi pada anak. Tujuan Penelitian : mengetahui pengaruh formula 100 dan formula kedelai terhadap pertumbuhan anak prasekolah. Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan uji Minis Quasi experimental dengan desain menyilang, dilakukan di Kecamatan Semarang Utara dan Tembalang Kota Semarang yang merupakan daerah dengan tingkat sosial ekonomi menengah kebawah. Subyek sebanyak 96 anak prasekolah berusia 4-7 tahun. Kelompok A kecamatan Tembalang (47 anak) mendapatkan 200 ml formula 100 selama 1 bulan kemudian dilakukan wash out selama 6 minggu kemudian mendapatkan 200 ml formula kedelai selama 1 bulan. Kelompok B kecamatan Semarang Utara (49 anak) mendapatkan sebaliknya. Herat badan diukur tiap minggu dengan timbangan digital. Tinggi badan diukur pada awal dan akhir penelitian dengan mikrotoise. Data dianalisis dengan uji t untuk data dengan distribusi normal dan uji Mann Whitney U untuk data dengan distribusi tidak normal. Hasil : Sesi pertama ( sebelum wash out ) Kelompok formula 100 rerata penambahan WAZ : 0,03 SD, HAZ : 0,03 SD dan WHZ: 0,03 SD, pada kelompok kedelai rerata penambahan WAZ : 0,03 SD, HAZ : 0,01 dan WHZ : 0,05 SD. Dan hasil analisis kedua kelompok tidak berbeda bermakna. Akseptabilitas formula 100 kriteria baik 94%, kurang 6%; sedang formula kedelai kriteria baik 58%, kurang 42%. Dan analisis terdapat perbedaan bermakna. Sesi kedua ( sesudah wash out ) Kelompok formula 100 rerata penambahan WAZ : 0,14 SD, HAZ : 0,02 SD dan WHZ: 0,2 SD, pada kelompok kedelai rerata penambahan WAZ : 0,10 SD, HAZ : 0,03 dan WHZ : 0,16 SD. Dan hasil analisis kedua kelompok tidak berbeda bermakna. Akseptabilitas formula 100 kriteria baik adalah 88%, sedangkan kriteria kurang adalah 12%; sedang formula kedelai kriteria baik adalah 77%, sedang kurang adalah 23%. Dari analisis tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna. Kesimpulan : Tidak terdapat perbedaan antara pemberian Formula 100 dengan formula kedelai selama 1 bulan terhadap pertumbuhan anak.