PENGARUH BANGUNAN KOMERSIAL DENGAN PENGGUNA RUANG PUBLIK TERHADAP TUMBUHNYA SEKTOR INFORMAL (Kasus : Ruang Publik Kawasan Simpang Lima Semarang)

Abstract

Phenomenon existence of merchant of informal sector in public space represent one part of which need to be considered in a process designing urban space as activity support of public space. According to Hamid Shirvani ( 1986), activity support is all activity and usage assisting to strengthen public space of city, because physical space and activities always become complement each other. Research of behavior of retail of informal sector in public space of area Simpang Lima of Semarang this aim to to measure influence of activity in Area Simpang Lima to potency dynamics purchasing of business at retail street vendor in public space and look for business attribute at retail street vendor and his or her consumer attribute. To get data of is target of the research by place and person of mapping center, observation, interview and documentation. This research use quantitative metodelogy of rationalism ( Noeng Muhadjir, 1989). Some theory about public space, behavior of architecture and environmental and business at retail made arrangements for to lead researcher in perceiving, at merchant locations which have been determined. Observation and mapping of behavior of public space setting and activity conducted in 13 location that is north and west area of Super Ekonomi ; south and west area of Matahari plaza ; west and east area of Hotel and Mal of Citraland ; east area of Masjid baiturahman ; east area of Gajah Mada Plaza ; north area of STM pembangunan, east area of Bank Mandiri ; west and north area of Ramayana ; and pancasila square. Besides observation and mapping of behavior conducted also interview with street vendor, its consumer and documentation which related to activity in public space of Simpang Lima. Having taken steps analyse statistic regression and correlation non parametric at 13 location street vendor in Area Simpang Lima showing progressively mount activity in Comercial Building and public space in Simpang Lima area are more and more buyer of street vendor and there are positive relation among attribute street vendor and his or hes consumer, with the following indication : Influence of area Simpang Lima to street vendor in public space of Simpang Lima ( pavement, low-speed line & road; street shoulder) namely public space as meeting nodal points among business activity at retail street vendor, jetting media all pedestrian to go to shopping centre buildings exist in Simpang Lima, place access stop of vehicle of public and park vehicle of person mean to improve and acssesibility and visibility merchant. So that process interception of the activitys by street vendor happened, where setting stret vendor exploited as sojourn before or after its target. Business attribute at retail which can perceive from interaction street vendor and his or her consumer are demand and supply, variation of goods class , condition of setting physical, wide setting , promotion medium, and purchasing situation. While its environmental attribute are : visibility , acsesibility, sosiality, comfort, privacy, teritory, activity, congestion. The attributes are its indication there material requisition process and his or him by merchant, variation of goods which on the market, setting which tend to closed, relative wide, way of awakening attention of people around him and bustle of merchant setting can become consumer fascination to visit street vendor. Fenomena keberadaan pedagang sektor informal di ruang terbuka publik merupakan satu bagian yang perlu dipertimbangkan di dalam suatu proses perancangan ruang kota sebagai `akvitas pendukung' ruang publik. Menurut Hamid Shirvani (1986), aktivitas pendukung meliputi semua penggunaan dan kegiatan yang membantu memperkuat ruang publik kota, karena alctifitas-alctifitas dan ruang fisik selalu menjadi peiengkap satu sama lain. Penelitian perilaku pedagang sektor informal di ruang publik kawasan Simpang Lima Semarang ini bertujuan untuk mengukur pengaruh aktivitas di Kawasan Simpang Lima terhadap dinamika potensi bisnis eceran pedagang kaki lima di ruang publik dan mencari hubungan atribut bisnis eceran pedagang kaki lima dan atribut konsumennya. Untuk mendapatkan data tujuan penelitian tersebut dengan cara place & person center mapping, observasi, dokumentasi dan wawancara. Penelitian ini mengguriakan metodelogi kuantitatif rayionalistik (Noeng Muhadjir, 1989). Beberapa teori tentang ruang publik, perilaku arsitektur & lingkungan dan bisnis eceran disusun untuk menuntun peneliti dalam mengamati, pada lokasi-lokasi pedagang yang telah ditentukan. Observasi dan pemetaan perilaku aktivitas dan seting ruang publik dilakukan dalam 13 lokasi yaitu area utara dan barat Super Ekonomi ; area selatan dan barat Plaza Matahari ; area barat dan timur Hotel dan Mal Citraland „area timur Masjid baiturahman ; area timur Plaza Gajah Mada ; area utara STM Pembangunan, area timur Bank Mandiri ; area barat dan utara Ramayana ; dan lapangan Pancasila. Selain observasi dan pemetaan perilaku dilakukan juga wawancara dengan pihak pedagang kaki lima, konsumennya dan dokumentasi yang terkait dengan aktivitas di ruang publik Simpang Lima. Setelah melakukan analisis statisitik non parametrik regresi dan korelasi pada 13 lokasi pedagang kaki lima di Kawasan Simpang Lima menunjukkan semakin meningkat aktivitas bangunan komersial dan ruang publik di Simpang Lima semakin banyak pembeli pedagang kaki lima dan terdapat hubungan positif antara atribut pedagang kaki lima dan konsumennya, dengan indikasi sebagai berilcut : Pengaruh kawasan Simpang lima terhadap pedagang kaki lima di ruang publik Simpang Lima (trotoar, jalur lambat & bahu jalan) yakni ruang publik sebagai titik simpul pertemuan antara aktivitas bisnis eceran pedagang kaki lima, media pengaliran para pejalan kaki yang akan menuju bangunan-bangunan pusat perbelanjaan yang ada di Simpang Lima, tempat akses perhentian kendaraan umum dan parkir kendaraan pribadi berarti meningkatkan aksesibilitas dan visibilitas pedagang. Sehingga proses intersepsi dari aktivitas-aktivitas tersebut oleh pedagang kaki lima terjadi, dimana seting pedagang kaki lima dimanfaatkan sebagai persinggahan sebelum atau sesudah tujuannya. Atribut bisnis eceran yang bisa diamati dari interaksi pedagang kaki lima dan konsumennya demand & supply, variasi kias barang, kondisi fisik seting, luasan seting, sarana promosi, dan situasi pembelian. Sedangkan atribut lingkungannya yakni • visibilitas ,aksesibilitas, sosialitas, kenyamanan, privasi, teritorial, aktivitas, kesesakan. Atribut tersebut mengindikasikan bahwasanya ada proses permintaan barang dan penyediaannya oleh pedagang, keragaman barang yang ditawarkan, seting yang cenderung tertutup, relatif luas, cara membangkitkan perhatian orang-orang di sekitarnya dan keramaian seting pedagang dapat menjadi daya tank konsumen untuk mengunjungi pedagang kaki lima.