PENGARUH INTENSIFIKASI PENYULUHAN GIZI DI POSYANDU TERHADAP ARMI PERTUMBUHAN ANAK USIA 4-18 BULAN

Abstract

Introduction: Under 5 years period is a critical period of child growth and growth faltering is often occurred. Periodical growth monitoring and nutrition counseling can detect growth faltering earlier, determine the cause and fmd alternatives to solve the problem. Objective: To determine the influence of nutrition counseling intensification in "Posyandu" toward growth rate of children by measuring of AWAZ, AHAZ, and AWHZ of treatment group and control group. Methods: A quasi experimental study was conducted in Sendangguwo village Semarang, consist of 143 children in the treatment group and 135 children in the control group. Sample was determined by stratified random sampling. Nutrition counselifig was given every month to mother in the treatment group by trained health volunteers. After training of health volunteers, the changing of AWAZ, AHAZ, and AWHZ before and after treatment in the treatment group and control group were measured. The percentage of children who gain weight was measured at the end of the study. Results: After 6 months counseling, in the treatment group knowledge, attitude and practice of nutrition had significantly increased compared to control group (p< 0.001). The curves of WAZ, HAZ and WHZ in control group tend to decrease during 6 months evaluation, however, in the treatment group, WHZ tend to increase and we found stabilization of WAZ. There were significant differences in AWAZ, AHAZ, and AWHZ of treatment group and control group. At the end of the study, treatment group had significantly improved their WAZ (p<0.001), HAZ (p=0.004) and WHZ (p<0.001) compared to the control group. The percentage of children who gain weight was significantly (p=0.000) higher in treatment group compared to control group (44.1% vs 17.8%). Conclusions: Nutritional counseling can improve the growth of Posyandu children. Pendahuluan: Masa balita adalah masa yang rawan bagi pertumbuhan anak dan hambatan pertumbuhan sering terjadi. Pemantauan pertumbuhan secara rutin dan penyuluhan gizi diharapkan dapat mendeteksi hambatan pertumbuhan lebih awal sehingga dapat dicari penyebabnya dan ditemukan solusinya. Tujuan Penelitian: Mengetahui pengaruh intensifikasi penyuluhan gizi di posyandu terhadap arah pertumbuhan baduta pengunjung posyandu dengan mengukur AWAZ, AHAZ, dan AWHZ posyandu perlakuan dibandingkan posyandu kontrol. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian quasi experimental yang dilakukan di Kecamatan Tembalang-Semarang. Sampel ditentukan dengan cara stratified random sampling. Subyek penelitian terdiri dad 143 anak pada kelompok perlakuan dan 135 anak pada kelompok kontrol. Penyuluhan gizi diberikan setiap bulan saat pelaksanaan posyandu kepada ibu kelompok perlakuan oleh kader yang telah dilatih sebelumnya. Dilakukan penilaian AWAZ, AHAZ, dan AWHZ sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan pada posyandu perlakuan dan posyandu kontrol. Diukur pula persentase baduta yang naik berat badannya (N/D) di posyandu perlakuan dan kontrol pada akhir penelitian. Hasil: Sesudah penyuluhan gizi selama 6 bulan, pengetahuan, sikap, dan praktik ibu kelompok perlakuan meningkat secara bermakna dibandingkan ibu kelompok kontrol (p<0,001). Kurva WAZ, HAZ, dan WHZ kelompok kontrol cenderung menurun selama 6 bulan penelitian, tetapi pada kelompok perlakuan WHZ cenderung meningkat dan didapatkan stabilisasi pada WAZ. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada AWAZ, AHAZ, dan AWHZ kelompok perlakuan dan kontrol. Pada alchir penelitian, kelompok perlakuan secara bermakna mengalami perbaikan WAZ (p<0,001), 11AZ (p=0,004), dan WHZ (p<0,001). N/D pada kelompok perlakuan lebih tinggi secara bermakna (p=0,000) dibandingkan N/D kelompok kontrol (44,1% vs 17,8%) Kesimpulan: Penyuluhan gizi dapat memperbaiki pertumbuhan balita pengunjung posyandu.