PROFIL LIPID DAN PERKEMBANGAN LESI ATEROSKLEROTIK PADA TIKUS YANG DIBERI DIET PERASAN PARE (MOMORDICA CHARANTIA) BERSAMA STATIN DENGAN TIKUS YANG DIBERI STATIN (Penelitian eksperimental laboratorik pada films Wistar yang diinduksi lesi aterosklerotik) (The lipid profile and the progression of atherosclerotic lesion on rats which given by Momordica charantia with and without statin dietary) (A laboratory-experimental study on Wistar induced atherosclerotic lesion)

Abstract

Background: Many studies about statin and Momordica charantia were done in controlling the lipid profile, but no one compared the effects. This research was aimed to know the differences of lipid profile and development of atherosclerotic lesion on rat which given by Momordica charantia dietary with and without statin. Methods: This was a randomized post test control group of 30 male Wistars, randomly divided into 6 groups. All groups injected 0,006/200grBW adrenaline intra vena followed 5gr/200grBW/oral of egg yolk for 2 weeks. Group 1 continued with egg yolk for 3 weeks as well as Group 2 for during 6 weeks. Group 3 continued with egg yolk plus Momordica charantia (1,5cc/200grBW/oral) and statin (0,9mg/200grBW/oral) for 3 weeks and Group 4 for 6 weeks. Group 5 continued with egg yolk and statin for 3 weeks and Group 6 for 6 weeks. The thickness of aortic wall, foam cells, cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL and LDL were measured. Statistical analysis with Kruslcal Wallis, Mann Whitney and Spearman correlation tests. Results: The highest median of cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, LDL, aortic wall and foam cell were on Group 2. But the lowest median of cholesterol on Group 6, triglyceride on Group 2, HDL on Group 6, LDL on Group 4. Kruskal Wallis test for aortic wall p= 0,087 and Mann Whitney between Group 2 and 6, p=0,016, foam cells p=0,006, cholesterol p=0,0001, triglyceride p=0,006, HDL p=0,003, LDL p=0,0001 and p=0,009 among all groups. Spearman test had strong correlation between aortic wall and foam cells, cholesterol and HDL; between foam cells and aortic wall, cholesterol, HDL and LDL. Conclusions: The Momordica charantia dietary with and without statin may degraded lipid levels, foam 'cells and the thickness of aortic wall compared to control, however statin dietary were the greatest effects. Latar belakang: Banyak studi tentang peran statin dan pare dalam pengendalian profit lipid, namun belum ada yang membandingkan efeknya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan profil lipid dan perkembangan lesi aterosklerotik pada tikus Wistar yang diberi perasan pare bersam statin dan yang diberi statin. Metode: Penelitian eksperimental Randomized Post Test Control Group pada 30 Wistar jantan 180-200 gram, dibagi acak menjadi 6 kelompok. Semua kelompok diinjeksi inisial 0,006/200grBB adrenalin intra vena, lalu diberi 5gr/200grBB per oral kuning telur selama 2 minggu. Kelompok (K)-1 dilanjutkan diet kuning telur 3 minggu dan K-2 selama 6 minggu. K-3 diteruskan diet kuning telur, perasan pare (1,5cc/200grBB per oral) dan statin (0,9mg/200grBB per oral) untuk 3 minggu dan. K-4 selama 6 minggu. K-5 diberi diet kuning telur dan statin 3 minggu dan K-6 selama 6 minggu. Ketebalan dinding aorta, jumlah sel busa, kadar kolesterol total, trigliserida, IIDL dan LDL diukur. Analisis statistik dilakukan dengan uji Kruskal Wallis, Mann Whitney dan Spearman. Hasil: Median kolesterol total, trigliserida, HDL, LDL, ketebalan dinding aorta dan jumlah sel busa, tertinggi pada K-2. Median terendah kolesterol total pada K-6, trigliserida pada K-2, HDL pada K-6, LDL pada K-4. Uji Kruskal Wallis terhadap ketebalan dinding aorta p=0,087, Mann Whitney antara K-2 dan K-6, p=0,016. Untuk jumlah sel busa didapatkan p=0,006, kolesterol total p=0,0001, trigliserida p=0,006, HDL p=0,003, LDL p=0,0001 dan p=0,009 diantara semua kelompok. Uji korelasi Spearman mendapatkan adanya korelasi kuat antara ketebalan dinding aorta dengan jumlah sel busa, kolesterol total dan HDL; antara jumlah sel busa dengan ketebalan dinding aorta, kolesterol total, HDL dan LDL. Simpulan: Diet perasan pare bersama statin dan diet statin mampu menurunkan kadar lipid, jumlah sel busa dan ketebalan dinding aorta bila dibanding kontrol. Diet statin saja mampu menurunkan kadar lipid, ketebalan dinding aorta dan jumlah sel busa dibanding diet pare bersama statin.