EFISIENSI TEKNIS (STABILITAS) KAPAL IKAN TRADISIONAL DI KABUPATEN BATANG DAN DEMAK JAWA TENGAH

Abstract

North Java Coastal is a coastal region that almost of its citizen are fisherman who produces traditional wooden boat. The quality of traditional wooden boats that made by the fisherman were physically good enough and the amount of boats are also increasing in accordance with the increase of amount of citizen in this region. But, in order to improve the fish catches by fisherman, it is needed to use boats with good stability. This study is aimed to evaluate the stability of boats in industries who produces traditional wooden boats located in Batang and Demak regencies that since 1980 has already made these boat with the range of their power are between 4 — 100 Gross Tonnage. Analysis of wooden boat stability was done by mathematics calculation via several steps of method, Lines Plan, Bonjean, Hydrostatic, and Stability. Based on the analytical result of the capability of stability, it was found about the disadvantages and advantages of traditional wooden boat stability (IMO and FAO standard). The stability of wooden boats made in Batang shows positive result (good) because the comparison between GMO and GZ has already involved to IMO and FAO standard with maximum fish catches loaded of 20.5 tones. The stability of boat made in Demak is also positive, but less perfect than that of made in Batang. This is because the boat is easy to roll and uncomfortable especially when the boat is empty with the machine above the deck and causes the MGO point is high. In correlation with the background and analytical result that has been done in this experiment it can be advice that the fisherman who made wooden boat need an effort to improve their skill. This can be done via training and education in industries and also visiting the boat factory that already use a modern technology. While to the government or the institution who are responsible in this area it is hoped to facilitate the training about technology in the production of traditional wooden boat making as well as possible in order to reach a good stability of boats. Pantai utara Jawa adalah wilayah yang banyak dihuni oleh pan nelayan dan juga sebagai pembuat kapal kayu tradisional. Kapal — kapal jkan hasil rancang bangun secara tradisional tersebut sebenarnya secara fisik cukup baik dan jumlahnya pun terns meningkat selaras dengan meningkatnya jumlah penduduk nelayan di daerah tersebut. Tetapi untuk meningkatkan hasil tangkapan para nelayan, sangat dibutuhlcan kapal — kapal yang stabilitasnya cukup baik. Untuk mengetahui stabilitas tersebut maka, dilakukan penelitian pada industri pembuat kapal tradisional di Kabupaten Batang dan Demak, yang sejak tahun 1980 membuat kapal — kapal kayu dengan ukuran 4 Gross Tonnage sampai dengan 100 Gross Tonnage. Analisa stabilitas kapal kayu dilaksanakan dengan, perhitungan matematik melalui beberapa tahapan metode, Lines Plan, Bonjean, Hidrostatik dan Stabilitas. Berdasarkan hasil analisis kemampuan stabilitas dapat diketahui kekurangan dan kelebihan stabilitas kapal tradisional.( standar IMO dan FAO ). Stabilitas kapal Batang positif (Baik) karena perbandingan antara GMO dengan GZ memenuhi standar IMO maupun FAO.dengan muatan hasil tangkapan maksimum 20,5 ton.. Stabilitas kapal Demak positif tetapi kurang sempurna karena perbandingan antara GMO dengan GZ tidak sesuai dimana GMO sangat tinggi sehingga kapal mudah oleng dan tidak nyaman terutama pada kondisi kapal kosong,dengan mesin diatas Deck mengakibatkan titik MGO tinggi. Berkaitan dengan latar belakang dan hasil analisis yang dilakukan dapat dibuatkan saran untuk pan nelayan pembuat kapal kayu, diperlukan upaya-upaya untuk meningkatkan SDM para pekerjanya dibidang teknik pembuatan kapal kayu, melalui pelatihan - pelatihan atau kunjungan ke industri kapal kayu yang sudah maju. Sedangkan kepada Pemerintah / Dinas yang terkait disarankan untuk mengadakan pelatihan pemahaman teknik pembuatan kapal kayu secara baik dan benar untuk mencapai stabilitas kapal yang baik.