PERBEDAAN KEMAMPUAN SOSIAL ANAK PENGUNGSI TIMOR-TIMUR DAN BUKAN PENGUNGSI (Studi Di SD Kanisius Jimbaran Kabupaten Semarang)

Abstract

Abstract Background : Social competency is adaptative functioning in which environmental and personal resources are used to achieve desirable developmental outcomes within interpersonal contexts. A psychological trauma in children of war resulted abnormality of social behavior and threat toward their development. A high social competency is needed to be able to behave according to social demand. Many factors influence social competency such as intelligence and sex . Objective : To define social competency differences between East Timor refugee children in an orphanage and non refugee. Design : Cross sectional study Method : East Timor refugee children after "Vote for East Timor" in Santo Thomas orphanage aged 10-15 years, at Kanisius Elementary school Jimbaran were studied and children which were not refugee in the same age and sex in that school were taken as control. Data was obtained by filling the questionnaire about their identity and social competency and they were also performed IQ test with Culture Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT). Independent Hest and Anova (analysis of varians) were used for analysis. Result : The subject were 50 children and 50 children as control. Males were 54% and females 46%. The oldest were 14 years old and the youngest were 10 years old. The mean of the subject's age was 13,02 ± 1,35 and for control was 11,36 ± 0,9. The mean social competency of the subject was 90,52 ± 6,82 and 92,16 ± 8,47 for control. There was no significant differences between the two groups with p =0,289 and there was no significant correlation between social competence and IQ (p=0,671), but there was significant differences between social competency for boys and girls of the subject with p =0,028, in which boys had social a competency of 88,59 ± 6,49 and girls 92,78 ± 6,61. Conclusion : There was difference but no statistically significant between two groups and also there was no significant correlation between social competency and IQ and for refugee children that suffered from psychological trauma, boys had social competency lower than girls. Abstrak Tatar Belakang Kemampuan sosial adalah fungsi adaptasi dengan mengembangkan sumber-sumber personal yang dimiliki dan mengatur lingkungan agar bermanfaat bagi dirinya maupun orang lain. Trauma psikologis pada anak-anak akibat peperangan menyebabkan timbulnya perilaku sosial yang abnormal dan ancaman terhadap perkembangannya. Diperlukan kemampuan sosial yang tinggi agar dapat berperilaku sesuai dengan keinginan dan tuntutan sosial Kemampuan sosial dipengaruhi berbagai faktor antara lain inteligensi dan jenis kelamin. Tujuan : Untuk mengetahui perbedaan kemampuan sosial anak-anak pengungsi TimorTimur di Panti Asuhan dan bukan pengungsi, hubungan antara inteligensi dan kemampuan sosial serta perbedaan kemampuan sosial laki-laki dan perempuan Rancangan Penelitian : Belah lintang Metode Penelitian ; Dilakukan penelitian terhadap anak-anak pengungsi Timor-Timor pasca "Jajak Pendapat" yang tinggal selama 3 tahun di Panti Asuhan Santo Thomas Jimbaran Kabupaten Semarang, berumur 10-15 tahun dan bersekolah di SD Kanisius Jimbaran. Sebagai kontrol diambil anak-anak yang bukan pengungsi di sekolah yang sama, pada umur dan jenis kelamin yang sama. Mereka mengisi kuesioner identitas diri dan kemampuan sosial , serta pengukuran IQ dengan menggunakan metoda Culture Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT). Dilakukan analisa dengan independent Hest dan Anova (analysis of varians) Hasil Penelitian : Jumlah subyek dan kontrol masing-masing 50 anak, terdiri dan 54% laki-laki dan 46% perempuan. Rerata umur subyek penelitian adalah 13,02 ± 1,35 tahun dan kontrol 11,36 ± 0,9 tahun. Nilai rerata kemampuan sosial subyek adalah 90,52 ± 6,82, kontrol 92,16 ± 8,47 dan terdapat perbedaan tetapi tidak bermakna diantara keduanya (p=0,289). Tidak didapat hubungan bermakna antara IQ dan kemampuan sosial dengan p 0,671, tetapi terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kemampuan sosial laki-laki dan perempuan subyek dengan p =3,029. Laki-laki mempunyai kemampuan sosial yang lebih rendah dengan rerata 88,59 ± 6,49 dibanding perempuan (92,78 ±6,61) Kesimpulan : Terdapat perbedaan, tetapi tidak bermakna secara statistik antara kemampuan sosial anak-anak pengungsi Timor-Timur di Panti Asuhan dan bukan pengungsi. Tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara IQ dan kemampuan sosial. Pada anak-anak yang mengalami trauma psikologis antara lain karena perang laki-laki mempunyai kemampuan sosial yang lebih rendah dibanding perempuan.