PERBANDINGAN LATIHAN ISOTONIK DAN LATIHAN ISOMETRIK TERHADAP KEKUATAN OTOT KUADRISEPS FEMORIS

Abstract

Pujiatun.The Comparison of Isotonic and Isometric Exercise on the Strength of Quadriceps Femoris Muscle. 2001: 1 — 61 Objective : To find out the outcome of comparing quadriceps femoris strength after undergoing isotonic and isometric exercise. Design : 2 groups of pre and post test. Subject : 31 healthy individuals, aged 18-21 years, are the students of Akademi Fisioterapi Widya Husada Semarang. They were divided in to 2 groups; one group of 14 subjects underwent isotonic exercise and the other group of 17 persons did isometric exercise. Setting : Rehabilitation Medicine Instalation at RSUP Dr. Kariadi Semarang Time : from May to July 2001 Intervention : The isotonic group did an isotonic exercise taken from the modification of De Lorme and Watkins' protocol. While the other, the isometric group did 4 sets of maximum voluntary contraction with 10 repetitions. The exercise was a maximum voluntary contraction for 3 seconds with 2 seconds rest for each contraction and 2 minutes rest in each set. It was done 3 times per week for 3 weeks. Main Outcome Measure : Evaluation of the quadriceps femoris strength by measuring torque peak isometrically using CYBEX machine pre and post exercise. Results : Average age was 19.29 years (range from 18-21 years). Mean of body weight was 48.65 kg (range from 40-70 kg). At the isotonic group, mean of quadriceps femoris strength pre exercise was 87.93 Nm (range from 35-142 Nm) and post exercise was 134.98 Nm (range from 63230 Nm). The alteration of quadriceps femoris strength pre and post exercise was 47.05 Nm (range. from 1-88 Nm). There was a significant difference (p<0.001). While at the isometric group, mean of quadriceps femoris strength was 84.53 Nm (range from 31-131 Nm) and post exercise was 107.4 Nm (range from 75-158 Nm) and the alteration was 22.87 Nm (range from -22 -65 Nm). There was a significant difference (p<0.05). At isotonic group, the alteration of quadriceps femoris strength pre and post exercise was more significant than isometric group (p<0.05). Conclusion : There is an increase of quadriceps femoris strength after undergoing isotonic and isometric exercise. At isotonic group, the alteration of quadriceps femoris strength is more significant than isometric group. Key Words : isotonic exercise, isometric exercise, muscle strength. Pujiatun. Perbandingan Latihan Isotonik dan Latihan Isometrik terhadap Kekuatan Otot Kuadriseps Femoris. 2001: 1 — 61 Tujuan : Untuk mengetahui perbandingan hasil kekuatan otot kuadriseps femoris setelah menjalani latihan isotonik dan latihan isometrik. Rancangan : Two groups pre & post test design. Subyek : 31 orang sehat usia 18 — 21 tahun mahasiswa Akademi Fisioterapi Widya Husada Semarang, terbagi menjadi 2 grup yaitu grup latihan isotonik 14 orang dan grup latihan isometrik 17 orang. Tempat : Instalasi Rehabilitasi Medik RSUP dr. Kariadi Semarang Waktu : Mei — Juli 2001 Intervensi : Grup latihan isotonik menjalani latihan isotonik modifikasi protokol De Lorme dan Watkins dan grup latihan isometrik menjalani latihan isometrik dengan dosis 4 set 10 repetisi 3 detik kontraksi volunter maksimum, istirahat 2 detik setiap kontraksi, istirahat 2 menit setiap set. Latihan dilakukan selama 3 minggu 3 kali seminggu. Hasil pengukuran utama : Penilaian kekuatan otot kuadriseps femoris dengan mengukur puncak torque secara isometrik dengan mesin CYBEX sebelum dan sesudah latihan. Hasil : Rata-rata usia 19,29 tahun (berkisar 18 — 21 tahun), rata-rata berat badan subyek 48,65 kg (berkisar 40 — 70 kg). Pada grup latihan isotonik rata-rata kekuatan otot kuadriseps femoris sebelum latihan 87,93 Nm (berkisar 35 — 142 Nm), sesudah latihan 134,98 Nm (berkisar 63 — 230 Nm) dan perubahan sebelum dan sesudah latihan 47,05 Nm (berkisar 1 —88 Nm), ada perbedaan yang bermakna (p < 0,001). Pada grup latihan isometrik rata-rata kekuatan otot kuadriseps femoris sebelum latihan 84,53 Nm (berkisar 31-131 Nm) dan sesudah latihan 107,4 Nm (berkisar 75 — 158 Nm) dan perubahan sebelum dan sesudah latihan 22,87 Nm (berkisar -22 —65 Nm), ada perbedaan yang bermakna (p < 0,05). Perubahan kekuatan otot kuadriseps lemons sebelum dan sesudah latihan pada grup latihan isotonik lebih bermakna dibandingkan grup latihan isometrik (p < 0,05). Kesimpulan : Ada peningkatan kekuatan otot kuadriseps lemons setelah melakukan latihan isotonik dan latihan isometrik. Perubahan kekuatan otot kuadriseps lemons lebih bermakna pada grup latihan isotonik dibandingkan pada grup latihan isometrik. Kata kunci : latihan isotonik, latihan isometrik, kekuatan otot.