PENGARUH SUPLEMENTASI BESI PADA REMAJA PUTRI ANEMI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN TINGKAT KESEGARAN JASMANI

Abstract

Background :Indonesia has high rates of iron deficiency anaemia and it impairs biological functions. Design :a double-blind, randomized controlled trial including a placebo control group. Objective :This study examined the effects of weekly iron supplementation for 12 week on growth and exercise capacity in anaemic adolescents schoolgirls. Subject: Four hundred twenty three adolescents schoolgirls in an economically deprived area in Semarang, Indonesia were measured for haemoglobin level, two hundred ninety girls who were anaemic (52,1%) with haemoglobin level < 12 g/dl. Anaemic adolescents schoolgirls were randomly assigned to receive weekly iron treatment with 3 mg/kg/day of elemental iron as ferrous sulphate for 12 weeks or placebo. The medicine was distributed to the patient and its consumption in capsule by teacher. By the end of study, 21 (9,5%) of the girls had dropped out. Before and after study, both group were measure for weight, height, exercise capacity index and haemoglobin level. Rest/it:After iron suplementation, mean haemoglobin level in suplementation group had increased significantly ( 1,72 ± 0,66, p < 0,0001 ), but in placebo group were it decreased slightly (-0,17 ± 0,18 ). Changes in exercise capacity index during the study were significantly different between two groups ( p < 0,05 ). There was no significant difference in growth (height, weight, H/A, W/A or BMI) between the supplemented groups and the placebo group. Conclusion : Weekly iron supplementation improved haemoglobin level and exercise capacity index in anaemic adolescent schoolgirls. No significant difference in growth was observed. Further research must be done with appropriate sample size and better design. Key word : iron supplementation, adolescent schoolgirl, anaemia, growth, exercise capacity. Latar belakang :Prevalensi anemi kekurangan besi di Indonesia masih tinggi, akibat anemia kekurangan besi berdampak pada fungsi fisiologis dan dapat bersifat menetap. Metode :Penelitian Kendall Acak, buta ganda dengan kontrol kelompok placebo. Tujuan :Mengetahui pengaruh suplementasi besi seminggu sekali selama 12 minggu pada remaja putri anemi terhadap pertumbuhan dan tingkat kesegaran jasmani. Subjek :Pemeriksaan kadar hemoglobin dilakukan pada 423 siswi SLTP 14 Semarang yang sebagian besar orang tua anak dari keluarga sosial ekonomi rendah, 219 siswi (52,1%) menderita anemia ( Hb < 12 gr/dl) kemudian secara random dibagi menjadi kelompok suplementasi besi dengan dosis 3 mg elemental Fe/kgBB dan placebo yang diberikan dalam bentuk kapsul oleh guru sekolah. Dua puluh satu anak ( 9,5%) putus kelola ("dropped out") karena tidak masuk dan sakit, sehingga kelompok suplementasi tinggal 103 dan placebo 95 orang. Kedua kelompok diukur Berat Badan, Tinggi Badan, Indek Kesegaran Jasmani dan Kadar Hemoglobin pada awal dan akhir penelitian. Indek kesegaran jasmani ditentukan dengan cara "Harvard step test" yang telah dimodifikasi. Hash :Setelah suplementasi besi, rata-rata peningkatan kadar hemoglobin berbeda bermakna pada kelompok suplementasi (1,72 ± 0,66, p <0,0001) sedangkan kelompok placebo malahan menurun (-0,17 ± 0,81). Rata-rata peningkatan Indek Kesegaran Jasmani berbeda bermakna antara kedua kelompok ( p <0,05 ). Tetapi rata-rata perubahan Berat Badan, Tinggi Badan, Berat Badan menurut umur (W/A), Tinggi Badan menurut umur (H/A) dan indek masa tubuh (IMT) pada kedua kelompok tidak berbeda. Kesimpulan :Suplementasi besi mingguan pada anak remaja putri anemi di SLTP 14 Semarang meningkatkan kadar hemoglobin dan indek kesegaran jasmani, tetapi tidak ada pengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan. Perlu penelitian lebih mendalam dengan metode yang lebih baik dan jumlah sampel yang lebih banyak. Kata kunci : Suplementasi besi, remaja putri, anemi, pertumbuhan, kesegaran jasmani.