HUBUNGAN ASUPAN MAKANAN DENGAN KADAR SENG PLASMA PADA REMAJA SEKOLAH MENENGAH PERTAMA DI KOTAMADYA SEMARANG

Abstract

Back ground : Adolescence is a period of fast growth and development, characterized by growth spurt, psychologic changes and secondary sexual maturity. Maximal growth potency will be delayed by zinc deficiency state. Zinc deficiency could be caused by dietary intake deficiency, various illnesses and nutrient imbalance. Health surveys and food studies showed that during adolescence there were high prevalence of poor nutritional condition. Obyective : The aim of this study is to define the correlation of dietary intake and plasma zinc level in adolescence. Design of study : Cross sectional study. Location of study This study was performed at Junior High School at Semarang's municipality. Su byect of study and data analysis: Sample were drawn from four Junior High Schools chosen by cluster random sampling . Data of dietary intake were taken from a questionaire, blood samples were drawn to asses plasma zinc level, which were done by AAFES , all data were recorded and anthropometric measurement were obtained. Zinc intake and plasma zinc level were correlated. Also calory, protein, fat, calcium,iron and fiber each of these item were correlated to plasma zinc level. The correlation of dietary intake and plasma zinc level were analyzed by multiple regression . Result : There were 97 students of Junior High School consisting of 41 boys (42,27%) and 56 girls (57,73%). From those, 7 students (7,22%) were in a zinc deficiency state and 90 students ( 92,78%) were within normal limits. There were significant correlation between zinc intake and, plasma zinc level. Also calory, protein, fat and calcium each of these have a significant correlation with plasma zinc level. The multiple regression analysis between dietary intake (Calcium, iron, carbohydrat, protein, zinc) and plasma zinc level showed a significant correlation. Conclusion: There are significant correlation between zinc intake and plasma zinc level. Also calory, protein, fat, calcium each of these have a significant correlation With plasma zinc level. Zinc, iron, calcium, carbohydrat and protein simoultaneously have a significant correlation with plasma zinc level. Key word: Adolescence - Dietary intake - Plasma zinc level. Latar belakang : Masa remaja merupakan masa pertumbuhan dan perkembangan yang cepat, ditandai dengan lonjakan pertumbuhan jasmani, perubahan psikologi dan pematangan seksual sekunder. Potensi pertumbuhan maksimal dapat dibatasi oleh adanya defisiensi seng. Defisiensi seng dapat disebabkan oleh kekurangan asupan makanan, berbagai penyakit dan ketidak seimbangan nutrien di dalam tubuh. Survei kesehatan dan penelitian makanan menunjukkan bahwa pada remaja ditemukan tingginya prevalensi status nutrisi yang kurang. Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan asupan makanan dengan kadar seng plasma pada remaja. Rancangan penelitian : Penelitian ini bersifat belah lintang. Lok-asi penelitian : Penelitian dilakukan pada siswa SMP di kotamadya Semarang. Subyek penelitian dan analisis data : Sampel diambil dari 4 SMP yang clipilih secara "cluster random sampling". Data asupan makanan didapatkan dari kuesener, dilakukan pengukuran antropometri, dan dilakukan pengukuran kadar seng plasma secara AAFES. Data dianalisa secara korelasi untuk melihat hubungan antara asupan seng dengan kadar seng plasma, hubungan asupan kalori, protein, lemak, kalsium, besi dan serat makanan masing-masing terhadap kadar seng plasma. Sedangkan hubungan asupan makanan antara lain karbohidrat, protein, lemak, kalsium, besi dan serat makanan secara bersama-sama dengan kadar seng plasma dianalisa secara regresi ganda . Hasil : Sembilan puluh tujuh siswa yang ikut dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari 41 siswa laki-laki (42,27%), 56 siswa perempuan ( 57,73%). Didapatkan siswa sebanyak 7 orang (7,22%) siswa yang menderita defisiensi seng, 90 orang (92,78%) mempunyai kadar seng normal. Asupan seng mempunyai hubungan yang bermakna dengan kadar seng plasma Demikian juga dengan kalori, protein, lemak, kalsium masing-masing mempunyai hubungan yang bermakna dengan kadar seng di dalam plasma. Secara bersama-sama asupan makanan ( seng, besi, kalsium, karbohidrat, protein ) mempunyai hubungan yang bermakna dengan kadar seng di dalam plasma. Kesimpulan Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara asupan seng, kalori, protei, lemak dan kalsium masing-masing dengan kadar seng di dalam plasma. Seng, besi, kalsium, karbohidrat, dan protein secara bersama-sama mempunyai hubungan yang bermakna dengan kadar seng plasma. Kata kunci : Remaja- Asupan makanan-kadar seng plasma.