FREKUENSI SERANGAN MALARIA PADA OVALOSITOSIS DAN NON OVALOSITOSIS (PENGAMATAN SELA MA T1GA BULAN)

Abstract

erythrocytes, which is dominantly autosomal inherited, it is found in Melanesia including Indonesia with an incidence between 5-25%. In malaria endemic areas, SAO gives protection against malaria attack, although incomplete. Setyaningrum et al (1999) suggested that there was no significant relationship between ovalocytosis and malaria, although malaria infection was lower in children with ovalocytosis compared to children with normal erythrocytes. Tanjungtirta village, in the district of Punggelan, Banjarnegara, is a malaria endemic area. In this area ovalocytosis and non-ovalocytosis is found simultaneously in families. How far ovalocytosis protects against malaria infection compared with non-ovalocytosis, has never been studied before. Design: a Cohort study Setting: Tanjungtirta village, District of Punggelan, Banjarnegara, Central Java. Objectives: To assess the difference in malaria attack rates in individuals with ovalocytosis and non-ovalocytosis Analysis : Chi-square and RR were used to analyse the data. Result: Between March, 15, 1999 and June, 15, 1999, 48 samples were included in this study, consisting of 24 individuals with ovalocytosis and 24 individuals without ovalocytosis. Males were 54,2% and 45,8% were female, with mean age in ovalocytosis group 24,4 + 18,8 years and 27,1 + 15,9 years in non-ovalocytosis. In the group of ovalocytosis, mean malaria attack frequency is 1,20 + 0,63 times, compared to 1,00 + 0,00 in non-ovalocytosis group, which is not significant. There was no relationship between ovalocytosis and malaria parasite in the blood (p>0,05) and individuals with ovalocytosis have a lower risk of having malaria parasites in their blood (RR: 0,71, CI: 0,26 -1,93) compared with individuals without ovalocytosis. Conclusion: There was no difference in malaria attack frequency in individuals with ovalocytosis and non-ovalocytosis. The risk of malaria attack was lower in ovalocytosis group. Key Words: Ovalocytosis, malaria attack frequency Latar Bctakang : Southeast Asian Ovalositosis (SAO) ditandai dengan eritrosit berbentuk oval, diturunkan secara autosomal dominan, ditemukan di Melanesia termasuk Indonesia, dengan angka kejadian antara 5 -25%. Di daerah endeinis malaria, dikatakan bahwa SAO memberikan proteksi terhadap serangan malaria, namun proteksi tersebut tidak sempuma. Setyaningrum dkk (1999) menyatakan bahwa tidak ada hubtingan berinakna antara ovalositosis dan malaria, walaupun infeksi malaria pada anak ovalositosis lebih rendah daripada anak eritrosit normal. Desa Tanjungtirta, Kecamatan Punggelan Katnipaten Banjarnegara merupakan daerah endernis malaria. Di daerah tersebut ditemukan pula ovalositosis dan non-ovalositosis dalam saw keluarga. Sejaull mana proteksi ovalositosis terhadap serangan malaria dibandingkan dengan non-ovalositosis di daerah tersebut belum pernah dilakukan. Rancangan Penclitian : Stud' kohort Lokasi penclitian : Desa Tanjungtirta, Kecamatan Punggclan, Kabupaten Banjarnegara. Subyek : Penderita ovalositosis dan non-ovalositosis yang mempunyai hubungan darah. Tujuan pcnelitian: mengetahui perbedaan frekuensi serangan malaria pada ovalositosis dan non-ovalositosis. Analisa : Menggunakan Chi-square dan risiko relatif. [Iasi( : Mulai 15 Maret 1999 sampai dengan 15 Juni 1999, Mali diteliti 48 sampel terdiri dari 24 ovalositosis dan 24 non-ovalositosis. Laki-laki 54,2 % dan 45,8 % wanita, rata-rata umur 24,4 + 18,8 tahun (kelompok ovalositosis) dan 27,1 + 15,9 tahun (non-ovalositosis). Rata-rata serangan malaria pada kelompok ovalositosis adalah 1,20 + 0,63 kali, dibanding 1,00 + 0,00 kali pada kelompok non ovalositosis, perbedaan ini tidak berrnakna. Tidak ada hubungan ovalositosis dengan terdapatnya parasit malaria dalam darah (p> 0.05) dan penderita dengan ovalositosis inemptinyai risiko terdapatnya parasit malaria di dalam darahnya lebih kecil (RR : 0,71, CI : 0,26 -1,93) dibanding dengan penderita non-ovalositosis. Kesimpulan : Tidak terdapat perbedaan frekuensi serangan malaria pada ovalositosisi dan non ovalositosis. Risiko serangan malaria lebih rendah pada ovalositosis. Kata Kunci : Ovalositosis, serangan malaria.