KONFIGURASI RUANG DAN BANGUNAN KAWASAN KOTA LAMA STUDI KASUS : KOTA LAMA JAKARTA , SEMARANG dan SURABAYA

Abstract

During the Dutch Colonialization, Indonesia had been influenced by Occidental in many ways of life including culture. The old city artifact is one of those which were influenced by Western culture, especially European lived in Indonesia. Almost every city in Indonesia ,especially a city with harbour, has an old city.Those sites once to be the Dutch castle. At the time when the city formed to be an castel town, urban pattern had already been processed inside it since, the people lived in were the Dutch, ruler of Indonesia. The caste town was built with the same pattern as other European cities, except the minimum standard of raw material as availabled as the were. After the conditioning political and economical situation of the Dutch ,in 1824 — 1870 the castle house was eliminated as well as the vanishment of VOC power in Indonesia. Later on the power was switched to the Dutch Government itself. As time passed, the castle town had had fresh air since it had been grown as the center of the Government offices as well as the center where money were walking around and also the city tasted the sweetness oh Medieval Renaissance. Those things were the contribution given by the Dutch expert of city planning and made those area had European style since then. We need to learn the old city artifact since it is the part of our history that is still exist. The old city artifact is in the form of big scale ( city block) while the remaining of Hinduism city was in the form of small scale, such as lingga , temple ,etc. The European old city artifact in Indonesia is the remaining of the Dutch colonialization which had been formed in many years before, so we cam say that it is the part of our history. The architectural building of the old city comes to the part of the esthetic theory since it is drawn from the experience and shape made through Medieval era till Baroque era. From the experience faced by the old city , the expert of city planning figure out many esthetic theory, such as townscape, final stop,serial vision, figure-ground, linkage and place theory. Hereby we can say that the place theory can not be separated by itself since it has been linked with the history of architect and the history of the city where the history of art restoration involved. As time passed around the clock , the old city will have been facing the change as the cityconservation have been done.The city coservation involved to both single living building and more larger area. During these days many old fashioned building faded since those area which is large insize are captured by real estate business. This can happen since the old building cityesthetic philosophy has not yet well socialized. The potency owned by the old city will be banished but on the other hand Gordon Cullen said if the city element is not well arranged it makes the city looks ugly, uninteresting and looks boring. When those occur, failure on city management can not be avoided. He said that a good city management is a city which its environment can make an emotional reaction caused by practising the esthetic theory , those element which are involved such as serial vision, place ,conformity, final stop and linkage , have been formed inside it. In Java , the old cities which are deserved to be obseved are in Jakarta, Semarang and Surabaya since they are used to be caste houses and have been facing the era of development , also having the same location and the same concept. The observation found out that those places have the same characteristics in typology configuration and building such as on the length of the road, the cross-road and square as in the two dimensional European old city as found out in winding road, narrow path, broaden way but narrowed at the end , space configuration and the broken curve building, square enclosed and also urban pattern that is in the form of urban block solid and urban block void in grid pattern and its modification. In townscape three visual dimensional expressed by freestanding church, Government offices and square captured the city landscape, final stop building such as tower building in every curve also the building linkage with the connection wall horizontal line use to take care of visual continuity also the city district expressed in the use of building element such as gevel, dormer and the dome , which are the characteristic of European city. Furthermore the quality of space and building configuration of the old city,the two dimensional urban tissue is still exist as the characteristic of the European old city. But if viewing it at the three dimensional structure, its quality of art is left behind than other European cities. This may happen since there is no work should be done in super human scale on square and the mismanagement of the square as city court, also urban hard space are blocked by the disarrangement of landscapping and the height of the building. Also the building arrangement which does not have any esthetic potency of the past. Therefore all of those caused the quality descending on the potential of the linkage, figure-ground and serial vision, also the hierarchy of the space square is not dominate the city center but act as the city sub center. As two dimensional figure-ground ,the urban pattern of the old city of Jakarta is still show the good arrangement of the space organization pattern, that is as the square center , but if viewing it at the three dimensional structure , the district edge is descending by so many changing townscape as a result of economic function. For Semarang old city , as two dimensional figure esthetic philosophy has not yet well socialized. The potency owned by the old city will be banished but on the other hand Gordon Cullen said if the city element is not well arranged it makes the city looks ugly, uninteresting and looks boring. When those occur, failure on city management can not be avoided. He said that a good city management is a city which its environment can make an emotional reaction caused by practising the esthetic theory , those element which are involved such as serial vision, place ,conformity, final stop and linkage , have been formed inside it. In Java , the old cities which are deserved to be obseved are in Jakarta, Semarang and Surabaya since they are used to be caste houses and have been facing the era of development , also having the same location and the same concept. The observation found out that those places have the same characteristics in typology configuration and building such as on the length of the road, the cross-road and square as in the two dimensional European old city as found out in winding road, narrow path, broaden way but narrowed at the end , space configuration and the broken curve building, square enclosed and also urban pattern that is in the form of urban block solid and urban block void in grid pattern and its modification. In townscape three visual dimensional expressed by freestanding church, Government offices and square captured the city landscape, final stop building such as tower building in every curve also the building linkage with the connection wall horizontal line use to take care of visual continuity also the city district expressed in the use of building element such as gevel, dormer and the dome , which are the characteristic of European city. Furthermore the quality of space and building configuration of the old city,the two dimensional urban tissue is still exist as the characteristic of the European old city. But if viewing it at the three dimensional structure, its quality of art is left behind than other European cities. This may happen since there is no work should be done in super human scale on square and the mismanagement of the square as city court, also urban hard space are blocked by the disarrangement of landscapping and the height of the building. Also the building arrangement which does not have any esthetic potency of the past. Therefore all of those caused the quality descending on the potential of the linkage, figure-ground and serial vision, also the hierarchy of the space square is not dominate the city center but act as the city sub center. As two dimensional figure-ground ,the urban pattern of the old city of Jakarta is still show the good arrangement of the space organization pattern, that is as the square center , but if viewing it at the three dimensional structure , the district edge is descending by so many changing townscape as a result of economic function. For Semarang old city , as two dimensional figure