HUBUNGAN KEBISINGAN OPERAS! PENERBANGAN DI BANDAR UDARA AHMAD YANI SEMARANG DENGAN PENGARUI-I JARAK RADIUS TERHADAP PERUMAHAN ZONA I DAN ZONA II (Studi Kasus Perumahan Graha Padma, Puri Anjasmoro dan Cakrawala)

Abstract

ABSTRACT A phenomenon of the emergence of new housing environment is widespread in accordance with a need of house of every family Usually, the housing procurement always chooses locations near the city centre. With a reason of always looking for the easiness of sufficient supporting facilities in urban areas In view of an increase in the demand for housing procurement in urban areas, particularly, housing in city centre, eventually, there are many new elite housing starting to aim at the peripheries of cities. Therefore, it can be found that many new elite housing environments are located unintentionally in the domestic flight zone. On the other side, the flight authority also demands for flight safety guarantee, especially, when a plane will land and will take off. In accordance with the demand for quicker flight and bigger passenger number to carry, of course, it is also needed bigger airplane with much stronger machine power. The bigger the airplane the stronger the machine sound, this condition, of course, will bring an influence/sound impact within a radius which is quite far from the source of the sound. The quite far radius is predicted touching the new elite housing around the airport. In this regard, it will disturb the safety of hearing, besides there is a possibility of emergence of attitude/behaviour changes in the inhabitants. The same is true for the existence of Ahmad Yani Airport in which it has influence on housing located in Zone I and Zone II ( Perumahan Graha Padma, Puri Anjasmoro and Cakrawala ). If this circumstance disturb housing environment around the airport, certainly it will influence behaviour pattern and have bad effect on safety, particularly, the safety of the sense of hearing of the inhabitants of the housing. In fact, the influence of sound on the safety of inhabitants' hearing is not at once; certainly it needs time whether relatively quick or slow depending on the endurance of the body of each inhabitants of the housing. As to an increase in sound intensity (noise), it can cause sleeping disorder, it can further become headache, even, there was a result of a study found that the levels of noise ranged from 65 dBA to 80 dBA could cause stress. For that reason, it is much needed a research that measures the power of sound of airplanes within a range from the source of the sound to certain radius, particularly, to the inhabited areas. The research done basically used rationalistic quantitative method, which means that if the result of the analysis using regression statistical technique was positive, the analysis would proceed with finding out the meaning of the result of the regression which was connected with the setting/spatial circumstances which became the influence hyphotized.Based on the result of the research, it can be concluded that there was a correlation between the power of noise and the radius from housing in Zone I (Perumahan Cakrawala) and Zone II (Perumahan Puri Anjasmoro and Graha Padma). The result of the power of noise obtained was still above the normal level (allowable standard); therefore, the existing condition has been quite dangerous for the inhabitants. For that reason, it is needed recommendations, among them are: there is a need for giving an understanding of the danger of noise continuously to the inhabitants, with a possibility of giving an alternative in the form of temporary hearing aid in order to prevent that disturbance, giving a recommendation for the executor side/municipality that they must more firm in the decision of moving the location and tighten the permission of building/rehabilitating buildings in Zone I and Zone II which are now included in the forbidden area to inhabit (housing) ABSTRAK Fenomena timbulnya lingkungan perumahan ba' merebak sejalan dengan kebutuhan rumah setiap keluarga. Biasanya pengadaan perumahan tersebut selalu memilih lokasi mendekati dengan pusat kota. Dengan alasan selalu mencari kemudahan fasilitas pendukung diperkotaan yang lebih memadai. Melihat tuntutan pengadaan perumahan diperkotaan khususnya yang berada di pusat kota semakin tinggi jumlahnya, akhimya banyak perumahan-perumahan elit bare yang mulai mengincar peri-peri kota. Oleh karena itu banyak dijumpai lingkungan perumahan elit barn yang tidak disadari berada pada daerah zona penerbangan domestic. Dari sisi lain pihak penerbangan juga menginginkan adanya jaminan keselamatan penerbangan, terutama pada waktu pesawat akan mendarat dan lepas landas. Seiring dengan tuntutan penerbangan yang lebih cepat dan jumlah penumpang yang lebih besar dapat terangkut, tentunya dibutuhkan pesawat yang lebih besar dengan kekuatan mesin yang jauh lebih kuat pula. Adanya pesawat yang lebih besar dengan sendirinya akan mengeluarkan suara mesin yang lebih keras, kondisi ini tentunya akan membawa pengaruh / dampak suara dengan jangkauan radius cukup luas dari sumber suara yang ada. Jangkauan dengan radius yang cukup luas tersebut diperkirakan sampai pada beberapa lingkungan perumahan elit barn disekitar Bandar Udara, yang dalam hal ini diperkirakan akan mengganggu keselamatan pendengaran, disamping kemungkinan akan terjadi sikap / perubahan perilaku bagi penghuninya. Demikian pula dengan keberadaan Bandar Udara Ahmad Yani Semarang terhadap perumahan di Zona I dan Zona II ( Perumahan Graha Padma, Puri Anjasmoro, dan Cakrawala ). Bila keadaan ini telah mengganggu lingkungan perumahan disekitar Bandar Udara, tentunya akan mempengaruhi pola perilaku, dan akan membawa akibat burnk pada keselamatan khususnya indera pendengaran penghuni pernmahan tersebut. Pada kenyataannya pengaruh suara terhadap keselamatan pendengaran penghuni tidak seketika, tentunya membutuhkan waktu relative cepat atau lambat sesuai daya tahan tubuh yang dimiliki masing-masing penghuni pernmahan tersebut. Adapun adanya peningkatan intensitas suara (bising), dapat menimbulkan gangguan tidur, dapat meningkat menjadi sakit kepala, bahkan ada hasil studi yang menemukan tingkat bising mencapai 65 dBA sampai 80 dBA dapat menyebabkan stress. Untuk itu sangat diperlukan penelitian yang mengukur kekuatan suara pesawat terbang dari sumber suara sampai pada jangkauan / radius tertentu khususnya sampai pada daerah hunian. Penelitian yang dilakukan pada dasarnya menggunakan paradigma metoda kuantitatif rasionalistik, yang artinya hasil analisis menggunakan teknik statistik regresi mengarah positif akan dilanjutkan dengan mencari makna hasil regresi tersebut dikaitkan dengan setting / keadaan spasial (keruangan) yang menjadi dugaan pengaruh.