ZONING SYSTEM OF MARINE NATIONAL PARK MANAGEMENT BY USING ENVIRONMENTAL SENSITIVITY INDEX Case Study in Karimunjawa Islands, Jepara District of Central Java

Abstract

This research had been conducted during 28 months (from September 1997 to December 1999). Scopes of research are : 1) Aerial map interpretation in order to find the existing land used map. 2) Analysis of environmental potential and biogeophysic components as basic data for evaluating the Environmental Sensitivity index (ESI), 3) Analysis of hydro-oceanography dynamical as well as socio, economic and cultural feasibility whitch are related to ESI for deciding the Marine National Park (MNP) zone, planning for MNP management, and 4) Study on activities of MNP management planning. Karimunjawa islands is water whitch has slightly slope, the slope is in between 10 to 37% and the sea depth is , 50 meter. Based on ESI analysis indicates that ESI for coral reef, mangrove, seaweed, seagrass bed, sandy coast and fisheries ecosystems is in between 56-92, the highest value is coral reef ecosystem and second one is fishery.These high ESI value indicates high sensitive of ecosystem on disturbance caused by natural or people activities on utilization of this natural resources. However, if the strictly conservation is applied, so this natural resources cannot be utilized to support people life. By using the dynamical analysis of hydro-oceanography as well as socio, economic and cultural feasibility approaches, so that the MNP zoning based on conservatioin and people welfare improvement can be applied. Result of zoning analysis leads to 4 zones of MNP, the respective area for each zone are : 1) Snctuary zone (9%), 2) Wilderness zone (19%), 3) Use zone (26%), and 4) Butter zon (46%). Result of this research concludes that optimum zoning of MNP can describe the harmonizing and equal between the conservation, ecotourism, fisheries and community empowerment activitie. However, the implementation of those activities will need the strictly regulation and consistence on activities of fish catching, brakish water pond as well as strictly regulation on ecotourism implementation activities based on conservation and, community management and participatory approaches, and also by emphasizing on environmentally awareness, institutional strengthening and people empowerment through conservation-economic based activities.