PENGARUH VARIASI TEMPERATUR PEMADATAN TERHADAP SWAT MARSHALL DAN INDEK STABILITAS SISA BERDASARKAN SPESIFIKASI BARU BETON ASPAL PADA LASTON (AC-BC) MENGGUNAKAN JENIS ASPAL PERTAMINA DAN ASPAL ESSO PENETRASI 60/70

Abstract

The increasing of the traffic quantity as a type of transportation must be served and supported by the course of infrastructures that meet the quality standard, especially the quality of the solid layering in order to make the traffic passing on those roads to feel save, comfortable and receive the economical benefit. In the working process, the mixture of hot asphalt-concrete is included in the AC binder course, where the construction is put below the surface course. The temperature in the mixing process of batching plant and in the compacting process become the factors to be put consideration in the implementation. Those matters will influence the compacting level and bring the effect to the performance of the AC binder and over the AC course. The preparation and trial results of both aggregate and asphalt, and determination of AC-BC mixture gradation show that the output meets the requirements. The next steps are conducting Research Phase I to determine the optimum Asphalt Content by using Marshall Method and Index of Retained Strength in Pertamina and Esso asphalts penetration 60/70 and then Research Phase II to find out the Marshall Characteristic Value and Index of Retained Strength in the temperature variation of 100°C, 120°C, 140°C and 160°C, standard condition of blow (2 x 75) and refusal density condition of blow (2 x 400). The research show that Marshall test and Index of Retained Strength Phase I concerning with the specification indicate that the critical points are located in VMA, VFA and VIM with the Asphalt Content of both tested asphalts are 5.5%. The critical points of VMA, VFA, and VIM are used to establish the optimum Asphalt Content. The result of Marshall test and Index of Retained Strength Phase II describe the performance of the course construction during the service to the traffic needs until the end of its usage, in this case for the service period up to 1.000.000 ESA (equivalent standard axel). The research is conducted in 2 (two) ways, those are by analysing void and testing the experimental-material. The void analysis that consists of Density, VMA, VFA and VIM analyses both asphalts in optimum Asphalt Content, which is shown by third analysis that the void of the Esso asphalt is more dense than that of Pertamina asphalt. At the density value of the void, Esso asphalt is more durable because the level of the asphalt covering is thicker than that of Pertamina asphalt, while at the deeper level of the void, the Esso asphalt is more endurable against plastic deformation or crack flow because the VIM is smaller than that of Pertamina asphalt. The Tested-Material experiment consists of Stability, Flow, MQ and Index of Retained Strength experiments as it has been shown that the stability value of Esso asphalt until the end of its service period is bigger with smaller flow value, bigger MQ value and bigger Index of Retained Strength value than Pertamina asphalt. It proves that the Esso asphalt has better performance than Pertamina asphalt. From the experiment of density level variety effect concerning to Marshall Method and Index of Retained Strength by using Pertamina and Esso asphalts penetration 60/70 has met the qualification of flexible pavement construction with heavy traffic burden (up to 1.000.000 ESA), which explicitly stated that to perform good course construction performance for high traffic volume, the combination of gradation aggregate target which pass below the restricted area has to be selected. Based on the void analysis and Marshall laboratory experiment, it is recommended that the density temperature is between 110°C until 160°C, and it is also suggested to stabilize the mixing temperature in AMP, i.e between 160°C — 170°C, the temperature of early density, using Tandem Roller is conducted in 2 (two) passing with the field temperature 120°C — 150°C. To avoid the stability value becomes too high and the flow value becomes too low, connecting density using Tire Roller is conducted in 12 (twelve) passing with field temperature 100°C — 130°C. The final density is using Tandem Roller and it is done in 2 (two) passing with field temperature is above 100°C, and it is also permitted to use water in a very limited value to grease the wheels to prevent them stick in order to handle the rapid decrease of temperature. Key Word : Laston AC-BC, The Density Temperature, Density, VMA, VFA, VIM, Stability, Flow, MQ, Index of Retained Strength, Refusal Density Peningkatan jumlah lalu lintas sebagai moda angkutan transportasi tersebut harus dilayani dan didukung oleh prasarana jalan yang berkualitas, terutama kualitas dari lapis perkerasan sehingga lalu lintas yang melewati jalan tersebut akan merasa aman, nyaman dan memperoleh manfaat ekonomis. Dalam pelaksanaan pelcerjaan campuran beton aspal pains tennasuk pada lapisan aspal beton lapis pengikat (AC binder course) dimana konstruksi tersebut dipasang di bawah lapisan aus (permukaan), temperatur baik pada saat pencampuran pada unit pencampur aspal panas (hatching plant) maupun pada saat pemadatan merupakan faktor yang hams diperhatikan dalam pelaksanaan di lapangan. Hal tersebut akan mempengaruhi tingkat kepadatan yang pada akhimya akan mempengaruhi ldnerja dari campuran beton aspal tersebut maupun lapis beton aspal diatasnya (lapis aus/permukaan). Hasil persiapan dan pengujian bahan baik agregat dan aspal serta penentuan gradasi campuran AC-BC menunjukkan hasil sesuai persyaratan, selanjutnya dilakukan penelitian tahap I untuk menentukan Kadar aspal optimum dengan menggunakan metoda Marshall dan Indek Stabilitas Sisa pada aspal jenis Pertamina dan Esso pen 60/70 dan penelitian tahap II untuk mencari nilai Karakteristik Marshall dan Indek Stabilitas Sisa pada variasi temperatur 100°C, 120°C,140°C dan 160°C kondisi standar (2x75) tumbukan dan kondisi refusal density (2x400) tumbukan. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan Uji Marshall dan Indek Stabilitas Sisa tahap I terhadap spesifikasi menunjukkan bahwa, nilai kritis VMA, VFA dan VIM pada kadar aspal 5.5 % untuk kedua jenis aspal yang diuji, dari nilai kritis pada MI, VFA dan VIM ini dipakai untuk menentukan Kadar aspal optimum. Dari basil pengujian Marshall dan Indek Stabilitas Sisa tahap II, yang menggambarkan ldnerja konstruksi jalan selama melayani kebutuhan lalu lintas sampai akhir pelayananannya, dalam penelitian ini untuk kepentingan masa layanan diatas 1.000.000 ESA ( eguevalent standard axel). Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan 2 (dua) cam yaitu cara menganalisis void (rongga) dan pengujian material benda uji. Untuk analisis rongga terdiri dan analisis Density, VMA, VFA dan VIM pada kadar aspal optimum untuk kedua jenis aspal, ini ditunjukkan pada analisis ketiga rongga jenis aspal Esso lebih rapat terlihat dari tingkat rongga udara yang lebih kecil dari aspal Pertamina. Dari tingkat rongga terisi aspal, aspal Esso lebih awet karena tingkat penyelimutan aspal lebih tebal dari aspal Pertamina, sedangkan dari tingkat rongga dalam campuran total aspal Esso lebih tahan terhadap deformasi plastis maupun retak lelah karena VIM lebih kecil clan aspal Pertamina. Untuk pengujian Material benda uji terdiri dari pengujian Stabilitas, Flow, MQ dan Indek Stabilitas Sisa, seperti ditunjukkan bahwa nilai stabilitas aspal jenis Esso sampai akhir pelayanan lebih besar, nilai flaw lebih kecil, nilai MQ lebih besar dan nilai Indek Stabilitas Sisa pada akhir masa pelayanan yang lebih besar dari jenis Pertamina, menjadikan nilai aspal jenis Esso kinerjanya lebih baik dibandingkan dengan menggunakan aspal jenis Pertamina. Dari basil Penelitian pengaruh variasi tingkat kepadatan terhadap sifat Marshall dan Indek Stabilitas Sisa dengan menggunakan aspal jenis Pertamina dan aspal jenis Esso Penetrasi 60/70, memenuhi persyaratan untuk konstruksi lapis lentur (fleksibel pavement) dengan beban lalu lintas bent (di atas 1.000.000 ESA), dimana ditegaskan untuk menghasilk.an kinerja konstruksi jalan yang baik untuk volume lalulintas yang tinggi hams dipilih target gradasi agregat gabungan yang lewat dibawah daerah restriksi. Hasil analisis rongga dan pengujian Marshall di laboratmium, direkomendasikan temperatur pemadatan antara 110°C sampai 160°C untuk hal tersebut, disarankan temperatur pemeampuran rerata di AMP antara 160°C — 170°C, temperatur