KAJIAN FAKTOR - FAKTOR PENYEBAB KERUSAKAN TERUMBU KARANG DI PERAIRAN BONTANG KUALA DAN ALTERNATIF PENANGGULANGANNYA

Abstract

This research examined factors causing coral reef destruction in Bontang Kuala waters and its prevention alternatives. It identifies the condition and factors causing coral reef destruction involving anthropogenical factor (human activity) and non anthropogenical factor (ecological changes, natural factors). It analysis the ecological condition of coral reef habitat and to know people's perception on the condition, advantages, and management of coral reef in Bontang Kuala waters. The research was conducted through limitedly survey. The natural and anthropogenical factors having a potential to destroy coral reefs have been identified. The research location was determined purposively. Data analysis used descriptive-comparative way by comparing the value/variable to the criteria of coral reefs quality and condition. The research was pointed to obtain data about the condition and cause of coral reefs destruction in Bontang Kuala waters and seek for its prevention alternatives. The result indicated that the life condition of coral reefs in Bontang Kuala waters based on the criteria of abundance index value, variety index, and the number of percent coverage was clarified in the condition of damaged-medium. The factors causing coral reef destruction in Bontang Kuala waters included anthropogenical (human activity) and non antropogenical factor ( ecological changes, natural factor) namely: fish catch by using fish bomb, belat, bubu, , and rock removal for building materials and aquarium decoration, rock destroyer/ Acanthaster planci and bleaching. People's perception on the condition, advantages, and management of coral reefs in Bontang Kuala waters was influence with poorly and education degree. People hope that there will be a care from the government to the preservation of coral reef in Bontang Kuala and take part in its management. Keyword: Factor cause of damage, Coral reefs, Bontang Kuala waters, Prevent of Damage. 1) The Postgraduate Student on Environtment Science Master of Diponegoro University, Semarang. 2) The First Supervisor. 3) The Second Supervisor. Telah diteliti faktor-faktor penyebab kerusakan terumbu karang di Perairan Bontang Kuala dan alternatif penanggulangannya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi kondisi dan faktor—faktor penyebab kerusakan terumbu karang yang mencakup faktor antropogenik (kegiatan manusia) dan non antropogenik (perubahan ekologis, faktor alam), melakukan analisis kondisi ekologis/habitat terumbu karang dan mengetahui persepsi masyarakat tentang kondisi, manfaat dan pengelolaan terumbu karang di perairan Bontang Kuala. Penelitian dilakukan melalui survei secara terbatas. Telah diidentifikasi faktor-faktor alami dan antropogenik yang berpotensi merusak terumbu karang. Lokasi penelitian ditentukan secara purposif. Analisis data menggunakan cara deslcriptif-komparatif dengan membandingkan nilai/variabel terhadap kriteria kualitas dan kondisi terumbu karang. Penelitian diarahkan untuk memperoleh data tentang kondisi dan penyebab kerusakan terumbu karang di perairan Bontang Kuala serta mencari alternatif-alternatif penanggulangannya. Hash penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi kehidupan terumbu karang di perairan Bontang Kuala berdasarkan kriteria nilai indeks kelimpahan, indeks keanekaragaman, dan angka tutupan karang dinyatakan dalam kondisi rusak-sedang. Faktor—faktor penyebab kerusakan terumbu karang di perairan Bontang Kuala mencakup faktor antropogenik (kegiatan manusia) dan non antropogenik (perubahan ekologis, faktor alam) antara lain: penangkapan ikan memakai, born ikan, belat, bubu, dan pengambilan karang untuk bahan bangunan dan hiasanan akuarium, pemangsa karanglAcanthaster planci dan bleaching. Persepsi masyarakat tentang kondisi, manfaat dan pengelolaan terumbu karang di perairan Bontang Kuala dipengaruhi oleh kemiskinan serta tingkat pendidikan. Masyarakat berharap adanya kepedulian dari pemerintah kota terhadap pelestarian terumbu karang di Bontang Kuala dan ikut berperan dalam pengelolaannya. Kata kunci: Faktor-faktor Penyebab Kerusakan Terumbu Karang, Perairan Bontang Kuala, Penanggulangan Kerusakan 1) Mahasiswa 52 Magister Ilmu Lingkungan Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang. 2) Pembimbing I . 3) Pembimbing II.